Melanoma-associated leukoderma

Melanoma-associated leukoderma is a skin condition characterized by the loss of skin pigmentation in patients diagnosed with melanoma, a type of skin cancer. This condition is also known as vitiligo-like leukoderma due to its similarity with vitiligo, a skin disorder that causes the loss of skin color in blotches.

Etiology

The exact cause of melanoma-associated leukoderma is not fully understood. However, it is believed to be an immune response to the presence of melanoma cells in the body. The immune system attacks the melanoma cells, but also targets normal melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of melanoma-associated leukoderma is the appearance of white patches on the skin. These patches can appear anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the face, hands, and feet. The loss of pigmentation can also affect the hair and eyes, leading to premature graying or changes in eye color.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of melanoma-associated leukoderma is typically made through a combination of physical examination, patient history, and skin biopsy. The biopsy can confirm the presence of melanoma cells and the absence of melanocytes in the affected areas.

Treatment

Treatment for melanoma-associated leukoderma primarily focuses on treating the underlying melanoma. This can include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. In some cases, treatments to restore skin color, such as topical corticosteroids, psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy, and tattooing, may be used.

Prognosis

The prognosis for melanoma-associated leukoderma varies depending on the stage and aggressiveness of the underlying melanoma. In some cases, the appearance of leukoderma can be a positive sign, indicating that the body's immune system is actively fighting the melanoma cells.

See also

• Melanoma
• Leukoderma
• Vitiligo
• Skin cancer
• Immunotherapy

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