MMP28

Overview

MMP26, also known as matrix metallopeptidase 26, is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, which is involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix components. MMP26 is also referred to as matrilysin-2 or endometase. This enzyme plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including tissue remodeling, embryonic development, and wound healing, as well as in pathological conditions such as cancer metastasis and arthritis.

Structure

MMP26 is a zinc-dependent endopeptidase. Like other MMPs, it contains a propeptide domain, a catalytic domain with a zinc-binding motif, and a hemopexin-like C-terminal domain. The propeptide domain maintains the enzyme in an inactive form, which is activated upon cleavage. The catalytic domain is responsible for the proteolytic activity of the enzyme.

Function

MMP26 is involved in the degradation of various components of the extracellular matrix, including type IV collagen, fibronectin, and laminin. It is expressed in a variety of tissues, with particularly high expression in the uterus and placenta. MMP26 is thought to play a role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix during menstruation and pregnancy.

In cancer, MMP26 is implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. It is often overexpressed in certain types of cancer, such as endometrial and breast cancer, where it may facilitate the invasion of cancer cells through the basement membrane.

Regulation

The activity of MMP26, like other MMPs, is tightly regulated at multiple levels, including gene expression, proenzyme activation, and inhibition by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 are known to inhibit MMP26 activity.

Clinical Significance

Due to its role in cancer progression, MMP26 is a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Inhibitors of MMP26 are being investigated for their potential to prevent cancer metastasis. Additionally, MMP26 may serve as a biomarker for certain cancers, aiding in diagnosis and prognosis.

Research

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the precise mechanisms by which MMP26 contributes to tissue remodeling and cancer progression. Studies are also exploring the development of specific inhibitors that can selectively target MMP26 without affecting other MMPs, to minimize side effects.

Also see

• Matrix metalloproteinase
• Extracellular matrix
• Cancer metastasis
• Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases