Lymphangiectasia

Lymphangiectasia is a pathologic dilation of lymph vessels. When it occurs in the intestines, it is associated with protein-losing enteropathy, and is a rare disorder characterized by the dilation of the lymphatic vessels located in the lining of the small intestine. This dilation leads to a leakage of lymphatic fluid into the intestines, which is then lost in the stool.

Causes

The exact cause of lymphangiectasia is unknown. However, it is believed to be caused by an obstruction in the lymphatic system. This obstruction prevents the normal flow of lymphatic fluid, causing it to back up and lead to dilation of the lymphatic vessels. Congenital lymphangiectasia occurs when the lymphatic system fails to develop properly in the fetus. Secondary lymphangiectasia can occur as a result of diseases or conditions that block the lymphatic vessels, such as cancer, infections, or surgery.

Symptoms

The symptoms of lymphangiectasia can vary greatly from person to person. They may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and weight loss. In severe cases, the loss of lymphatic fluid can lead to malnutrition, immune system problems, and edema (swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of lymphangiectasia often involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. These tests may include blood tests, stool tests, and imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. In some cases, a biopsy of the small intestine may be necessary.

Treatment

Treatment for lymphangiectasia is aimed at managing the symptoms and preventing complications. This may involve dietary modifications, such as a low-fat, high-protein diet, and medications to control symptoms. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the affected portion of the intestine.

See also

• Lymphatic system
• Lymphatic disease
• Protein-losing enteropathy

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Lymphangiectasia

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  Lymphangiectasia shown on enteroscopy before and after treatment