Hodgkin lymphoma: Difference between revisions
CSV import |
CSV import Tag: Removed redirect |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Hodgkin lymphoma}} | |||
File: | == Overview == | ||
[[File:Hodgkin_lymphoma_cytology_large.jpg|Hodgkin lymphoma cytology|thumb|right]] | |||
File: | '''Hodgkin lymphoma''' is a type of [[lymphoma]], which is a cancer originating from [[lymphocytes]], a type of [[white blood cell]]. It is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, which are large, abnormal lymphocytes that can be identified under a microscope. Hodgkin lymphoma is named after [[Thomas Hodgkin]], who first described the condition in 1832. | ||
File: | |||
File: | == Signs and Symptoms == | ||
File: | The most common symptom of Hodgkin lymphoma is the painless swelling of [[lymph nodes]], often in the neck, armpits, or groin. Other symptoms may include fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. Some patients may experience itching or pain in the lymph nodes after consuming alcohol. | ||
File: | |||
== Diagnosis == | |||
File:Popcorn cell in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma - | [[File:Reed-Sternberg_lymphocyte_nci-vol-7172-300.jpg|Reed-Sternberg cell|thumb|left]] | ||
File:Lymphomas, | Diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies, and biopsy. A biopsy of the affected lymph node is essential to confirm the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. Imaging studies such as [[CT scan]]s or [[PET scan]]s are used to determine the extent of the disease. | ||
== Staging == | |||
Staging of Hodgkin lymphoma is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plan. The stages are defined as follows: | |||
=== Stage I === | |||
[[File:Diagram_showing_stage_1_Hogkin's_lymphoma_CRUK_191.svg|Stage 1 Hodgkin's lymphoma|thumb|right]] | |||
In Stage I, the cancer is limited to a single lymph node region or a single extralymphatic organ or site. | |||
=== Stage II === | |||
[[File:Diagram_showing_stage_2_Hodgkin's_lymphoma_CRUK_208.svg|Stage 2 Hodgkin's lymphoma|thumb|left]] | |||
Stage II indicates that the cancer is in two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm or has spread to a nearby extralymphatic organ. | |||
=== Stage III === | |||
[[File:Diagram_showing_stage_3_Hodgkin's_lymphoma_CRUK_221.svg|Stage 3 Hodgkin's lymphoma|thumb|right]] | |||
In Stage III, the cancer is found in lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm, possibly including the spleen or a nearby extralymphatic organ. | |||
=== Stage IV === | |||
[[File:Diagram_showing_stage_4_Hodgkin's_lymphoma_CRUK_230.svg|Stage 4 Hodgkin's lymphoma|thumb|left]] | |||
Stage IV indicates that the cancer has spread to one or more extralymphatic organs, such as the liver, bone marrow, or lungs. | |||
== Types == | |||
Hodgkin lymphoma is classified into two main types: classical Hodgkin lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. | |||
=== Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma === | |||
This is the most common type and includes subtypes such as nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-rich, and lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin lymphoma. | |||
=== Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma === | |||
[[File:Popcorn_cell_in_nodular_lymphocyte_predominant_Hodgkin_lymphoma_-_very_high_mag_cropped.jpg|Popcorn cell in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma|thumb|right]] | |||
This type is less common and is characterized by the presence of "popcorn" cells, which are a variant of Reed-Sternberg cells. | |||
== Treatment == | |||
Treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma typically involves a combination of [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]], and, in some cases, [[stem cell transplant]]s. The choice of treatment depends on the stage of the disease, the patient's overall health, and other factors. | |||
== Prognosis == | |||
The prognosis for Hodgkin lymphoma is generally favorable, with high cure rates, especially when diagnosed early. Advances in treatment have significantly improved survival rates over the past few decades. | |||
== Epidemiology == | |||
[[File:Lymphomas,_multiple_myeloma_world_map_-_Death_-_WHO2004.svg|Global incidence of lymphomas|thumb|left]] | |||
Hodgkin lymphoma is more common in young adults and has a bimodal age distribution, with peaks in young adulthood and later in life. It is slightly more common in males than females. | |||
== Related Pages == | |||
* [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] | |||
* [[Lymphatic system]] | |||
* [[Cancer]] | |||
[[Category:Hodgkin lymphoma]] | |||
[[Category:Lymphoma]] | |||
[[Category:Hematology]] | |||
Revision as of 21:36, 4 March 2025
Overview
Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of lymphoma, which is a cancer originating from lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. It is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, which are large, abnormal lymphocytes that can be identified under a microscope. Hodgkin lymphoma is named after Thomas Hodgkin, who first described the condition in 1832.
Signs and Symptoms
The most common symptom of Hodgkin lymphoma is the painless swelling of lymph nodes, often in the neck, armpits, or groin. Other symptoms may include fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. Some patients may experience itching or pain in the lymph nodes after consuming alcohol.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies, and biopsy. A biopsy of the affected lymph node is essential to confirm the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. Imaging studies such as CT scans or PET scans are used to determine the extent of the disease.
Staging
Staging of Hodgkin lymphoma is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plan. The stages are defined as follows:
Stage I
In Stage I, the cancer is limited to a single lymph node region or a single extralymphatic organ or site.
Stage II
Stage II indicates that the cancer is in two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm or has spread to a nearby extralymphatic organ.
Stage III
In Stage III, the cancer is found in lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm, possibly including the spleen or a nearby extralymphatic organ.
Stage IV
Stage IV indicates that the cancer has spread to one or more extralymphatic organs, such as the liver, bone marrow, or lungs.
Types
Hodgkin lymphoma is classified into two main types: classical Hodgkin lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma.
Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
This is the most common type and includes subtypes such as nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-rich, and lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin lymphoma.
Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma
This type is less common and is characterized by the presence of "popcorn" cells, which are a variant of Reed-Sternberg cells.
Treatment
Treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma typically involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and, in some cases, stem cell transplants. The choice of treatment depends on the stage of the disease, the patient's overall health, and other factors.
Prognosis
The prognosis for Hodgkin lymphoma is generally favorable, with high cure rates, especially when diagnosed early. Advances in treatment have significantly improved survival rates over the past few decades.
Epidemiology
Hodgkin lymphoma is more common in young adults and has a bimodal age distribution, with peaks in young adulthood and later in life. It is slightly more common in males than females.
