Serotonin transporter

Serotonin transporter (often abbreviated as SERT) is a type of membrane transport protein that transports serotonin from the synaptic cleft to the presynaptic neuron. This process is known as reuptake, and it plays a crucial role in regulating the amount of serotonin that is available in the brain.

Function

The primary function of the serotonin transporter is to regulate the concentrations of serotonin in the synaptic cleft. By transporting serotonin from the synaptic cleft back into the presynaptic neuron, the transporter helps to terminate the action of serotonin and recycle it for future use. This process is essential for maintaining normal levels of this important neurotransmitter.

Structure

The serotonin transporter is a transmembrane protein that spans the membrane of the presynaptic neuron. It is composed of 12 alpha-helices that form a central pore through which serotonin can pass. The transporter also contains binding sites for serotonin and for various drugs that can inhibit its function.

Clinical significance

Alterations in the function or expression of the serotonin transporter can have significant clinical implications. For example, reduced function of the transporter can lead to increased levels of serotonin in the synaptic cleft, which can contribute to the development of depression and anxiety disorders. Conversely, increased function of the transporter can lead to decreased levels of serotonin, which can also contribute to mood disorders.

Several drugs, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), work by blocking the serotonin transporter. These drugs increase the amount of serotonin available in the synaptic cleft, which can help to alleviate the symptoms of depression and anxiety.

See also

• Serotonin
• Neurotransmitter
• Depression
• Anxiety disorders
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
• Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

References

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Serotonin_transporter

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  Serotonin 2D skeletal
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  Mattson 2005
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  Tamagnan 2005
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  Slc6a4 ISH mouse dorsal raphe
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  Serotonin transporter 1 in green, tyrosine hydroxylase in red and nuclear DNA in blue in a region of rat brain
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  Chromosome 17