Sigmoid colon

Sigmoid colon is the part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus. It forms a loop that averages about 40 cm in length, and normally lies within the pelvis, but on account of its freedom of movement it is liable to be displaced into the abdominal cavity.

Structure

The sigmoid colon begins in the pelvic cavity, continuing from the descending colon. It ends at the rectum. It is completely surrounded by peritoneum (the sigmoid mesocolon), which is attached to the pelvic wall by a duplication of peritoneum known as the sigmoid mesocolon.

Function

The main function of the sigmoid colon is to store fecal wastes until they are ready to be eliminated from the body. It also absorbs water and electrolytes.

Clinical significance

The sigmoid colon can be subject to several diseases, including diverticulitis and cancer. It can be removed by surgery, in a procedure known as a colectomy.

See also

• Colon (anatomy)
• Large intestine
• Human gastrointestinal tract

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References

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External links

• Healthline - Sigmoid Colon
• WebMD - Picture of the Colon

Further reading

• Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F.; Agur, Anne M. R. (2013). Clinically Oriented Anatomy. p. 215. ISBN 978-1-4511-1945-9.
• Gray, Henry (1918). Anatomy of the Human Body. Lea & Febiger. p. 1182.

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Sigmoid_colon

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