Low back pain

Low Back Pain (LBP), also known as lumbago, is a prevalent health issue affecting the muscles, nerves, and bones of the back. This condition can manifest in various ways, from a dull, continuous ache to a sudden, sharp sensation.

Classification

LBP is typically categorized based on the duration and underlying cause of the pain.

By Duration

• Acute LBP: This type lasts less than six weeks. It is often due to strain or minor injury.
• Sub-chronic LBP: This type persists for six to twelve weeks. It can be a continuation of acute LBP or a new issue.
• Chronic LBP: This type lasts more than twelve weeks and may be due to ongoing conditions such as arthritis, spinal stenosis, or degenerative disc disease.

By Cause

• Mechanical LBP: This type is the most common and is due to physical problems with the structures of the lower back, including the spine, intervertebral discs, or supporting muscles and ligaments.
• Non-Mechanical LBP: This type is less common and can be caused by conditions such as kidney stones, endometriosis, or fibromyalgia.
• Referred Pain: This type originates in a different part of the body but is felt in the lower back.

Prognosis

Most individuals with LBP see improvement in their symptoms within a few weeks of onset. Between 40-90% of patients recover within six weeks. However, recurrence is common, and the condition can become chronic in some cases.

Treatment

Treatment for LBP often includes a combination of self-care measures, physical therapy, medication, and in some cases, surgery. Patient education is also vital, as understanding the cause and mechanisms of LBP can help manage the condition.

References

• Mehling, W. E., Gopisetty, V., Bartmess, E., Acree, M., Pressman, A., Goldberg, H., ... & Avins, A. L. (2012). The prognosis of acute low back pain in primary care in the United States: a 2-year prospective cohort study. Spine, 37(8), 678-684.
• Delitto, A., George, S. Z., Van Dillen, L. R., Whitman, J. M., Sowa, G., Shekelle, P., ... & Godges, J. J. (2012). Low back pain. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 42(4), A1-A57.

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