Serotonin

Serotonin (also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that has a wide variety of functions in the human body. It is derived from tryptophan, an essential amino acid, and is primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), blood platelets, and the central nervous system (CNS) of animals and humans.

Function

Serotonin is a crucial neurotransmitter that is involved in the regulation of several important bodily functions, including mood, appetite, sleep, and cognition. It also plays a role in the cardiovascular system, endocrine system, and musculoskeletal system.

Biosynthesis

Serotonin is synthesized from the essential amino acid tryptophan. This process occurs in two steps, both of which require specific enzymes. First, tryptophan is converted into 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) by the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase. Then, 5-HTP is converted into serotonin by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase.

Role in the body

In the gastrointestinal tract, serotonin regulates intestinal movements. In the blood platelets, it helps with blood clotting. In the central nervous system, serotonin is involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and cognition.

Serotonin syndrome

Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition that can occur if too much serotonin is present in the body. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including the use of certain drugs. Symptoms can range from mild (shivering and diarrhea) to severe (muscle rigidity, fever, and seizures).

See also

• Neurotransmitter
• Tryptophan
• Serotonin syndrome

References

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