Chromosome 10

Chromosome 10 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 10 spans about 133 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.

Structure

Chromosome 10 has a length of about 135 million base pairs, making it the eighth largest human chromosome. It contains a large number of genes, estimated to be around 800. The exact number of genes varies, as the human genome is not fully sequenced and new genes are still being discovered.

Genes

Chromosome 10 contains several notable genes, including the PTEN gene, which is a tumor suppressor gene, and the FGFR2 gene, which is involved in bone development and maintenance. Mutations in these genes can lead to various genetic disorders.

Genetic disorders

Several genetic disorders are associated with chromosome 10. These include Cowden syndrome, caused by mutations in the PTEN gene, and Apert syndrome, caused by mutations in the FGFR2 gene. Other disorders associated with chromosome 10 include Porphyria, Tay-Sachs disease, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Research

Research is ongoing to identify additional genes on chromosome 10 and to learn more about the functions of the genes that have already been identified. This research will help to improve our understanding of human biology and may lead to new treatments for genetic disorders.

See also

• Human genome
• Genetic disorder
• Gene
• Mutation

References

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  Chromosome 10 cropped from high resolution karyotype
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  Chromosome 10 from high resolution karyotype
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  Ideogram of Human Chromosome 10
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  Chromosome 10 at 400, 550, and 850 bphs