Sparteine

Sparteine is a class 1a antiarrhythmic agent, a type of alkaloid. It is an isomer of lupinine. It is named after the Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius), which is also known as "Sparteine broom" because it is one of the plant species that contains it.

Chemistry

Sparteine is a bicyclic alkaloid that is classified as a quinolizidine. It is a chiral molecule, with two stereocenters, which means it has four possible stereoisomers. The natural form of sparteine is a mixture of two of these stereoisomers, known as the (-)-sparteine and (+)-sparteine.

Pharmacology

Sparteine works as an antiarrhythmic agent, which means it is used to treat and prevent abnormal heart rhythms. It is classified as a class 1a antiarrhythmic agent, which means it works by blocking the fast inward sodium channel, slowing the influx of sodium ions into the cardiomyocyte. This decreases the rate of depolarization, slows conduction velocity, and prolongs the refractory period, helping to restore normal rhythm.

Toxicity

Sparteine can be toxic if consumed in large amounts. Symptoms of sparteine poisoning can include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, arrhythmia, and in severe cases, seizures or death. It is also a teratogen, which means it can cause birth defects if consumed during pregnancy.

See also

• Alkaloid
• Antiarrhythmic agent
• Quinolizidine
• Sodium channel

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• Structure of (_)-Sparteine
  Structure of (_)-Sparteine
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  Biosynthesis pathway of Sparteine
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  Detailed biosynthesis of Sparteine
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  General biosynthesis of Sparteine