Otitis externa

Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear, is an inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal. Along with otitis media, external otitis is one of the two human conditions commonly called "earache". It also occurs in many other species. Inflammation of the skin of the ear canal is the essence of this disorder. The inflammation can be secondary to dermatitis (eczema) only, with no microbial infection, or it can be caused by active bacterial or fungal infection. In either case, but more often with infection, the ear canal skin swells and may become painful or tender to touch.

Causes

Otitis externa can have several possible causes, including:

• Infection caused by bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus.
• Fungal infections, particularly in people who swim in water containing high levels of bacteria.
• Mechanical damage to the ear canal, such as from cleaning with cotton swabs.
• Allergic reactions to substances such as hair products or jewelry.

Symptoms

Symptoms of otitis externa can include:

• Pain in the ear (otalgia)
• Fullness of the ear
• Itchy ear
• Redness and swelling of the skin of the ear
• Scaling or shedding of the skin of the ear
• Discharge from the ear, which can be clear, white, yellow, or greenish

Treatment

Treatment for otitis externa depends on the severity of the infection and the cause. Treatments may include:

• Pain control
• Removal of debris from the ear
• Use of topical antibiotics or antifungals
• Use of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
• Avoidance of contributing factors such as water exposure or certain medications

See also

• Otitis media
• Ear canal
• Ear infection

References

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