Spinal cord compression

Spinal cord compression is a medical condition where the spinal cord is compressed. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including pain, numbness, and weakness. It can be caused by a variety of conditions, including tumors, infections, and spinal stenosis. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and medication.

Causes

Spinal cord compression can be caused by a variety of conditions. These include:

• Tumors: Both benign and malignant tumors can cause spinal cord compression. These can either originate in the spine itself (primary tumors) or spread to the spine from other parts of the body (secondary tumors).
• Infections: Infections can lead to abscesses that compress the spinal cord.
• Spinal stenosis: This is a condition where the spinal canal narrows, compressing the spinal cord.
• Trauma: Injuries to the spine can cause swelling or bleeding that compresses the spinal cord.

Symptoms

The symptoms of spinal cord compression can vary depending on the location and severity of the compression. They can include:

• Pain in the back, neck, or radiating down the arms or legs
• Numbness or tingling in the hands, fingers, feet, or toes
• Weakness in the muscles
• Difficulty walking or maintaining balance
• Loss of bladder or bowel control

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of spinal cord compression typically involves a physical examination and imaging tests. These can include:

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): This can provide detailed images of the spine and help identify any areas of compression.
• Computed tomography (CT) scan: This can also provide detailed images of the spine.
• Myelogram: This is a type of X-ray where a contrast dye is injected into the spinal canal to highlight the spinal cord and nerves.

Treatment

Treatment for spinal cord compression depends on the cause and severity of the compression. Options can include:

• Surgery: This can be used to remove tumors or abscesses, or to relieve pressure on the spinal cord.
• Radiation therapy: This can be used to shrink tumors that are causing compression.
• Medication: This can include pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and steroids to reduce swelling.

See also

• Spinal cord injury
• Spinal tumor
• Spinal stenosis

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  Diagram showing a tumour causing spinal cord compression
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  Compressive myelopathy at C6-C7