Synovial joint: Difference between revisions
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Latest revision as of 01:12, 18 February 2025
Synovial joint
A synovial joint, also known as diarthrosis, is the most common and most movable type of joint in the body of a mammal. As with most other joints in the body, synovial joints achieve movement at the point of contact of the articulating bones.
Structure[edit]
Synovial joints contain a variety of structures which are not seen in fibrous or cartilaginous joints:
- Articular cartilage: This covers the part of the bone in the joint. It absorbs shocks and reduces friction.
- Joint capsule: This seals the joint space and provides stability by limiting movements.
- Synovial membrane: This lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid.
- Synovial fluid: This lubricates the joint, reducing friction and wear.
- Ligaments: These are fibrous tissues that connect bones to other bones.
- Tendons: These connect muscle to bone and provide additional stability.
- Bursae: These are sacs filled with synovial fluid that cushion the joint.
- Meniscus: This is a curve of cartilage that provides additional stability to the joint.
Types of synovial joints[edit]
There are six types of synovial joints. Some are relatively immobile, but most allow considerable movement:
- Plane joints, such as the acromioclavicular joint, allow gliding movements.
- Hinge joints, such as the elbow, allow flexion and extension.
- Pivot joints, such as the atlantoaxial joint, allow rotation.
- Condyloid joints, such as the wrist, allow all movements except axial rotation.
- Saddle joints, such as the thumb, allow all movements except axial rotation.
- Ball and socket joints, such as the hip, allow all movements.
Clinical significance[edit]
Diseases of the synovial joints include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and lupus. Injuries to synovial joints can also occur, such as sprains, strains, and dislocations.
