Actinobacillus equuli

Species of bacterium

Actinobacillus equuli is a species of bacterium in the family Pasteurellaceae. It is known to be a pathogen in horses, causing a condition known as sleepy foal disease.

Morphology

Actinobacillus equuli is a Gram-negative bacterium. It is a non-motile, facultatively anaerobic organism. The cells are typically rod-shaped and can form chains.

Pathogenicity

Actinobacillus equuli is primarily known for causing disease in equine species. It is associated with septicemia in newborn foals, a condition often referred to as "sleepy foal disease." The bacterium can also cause peritonitis, nephritis, and arthritis in horses.

Sleepy Foal Disease

Sleepy foal disease is a serious condition affecting newborn foals. It is characterized by lethargy, fever, and septicemia. The disease is often fatal if not treated promptly. The bacterium is typically transmitted from the mare to the foal during or shortly after birth.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Actinobacillus equuli infection is typically made through bacterial culture and identification. The bacterium can be isolated from blood, tissue, or other body fluids. On sheep blood agar, A. equuli can exhibit both beta and gamma hemolysis, as shown in the image.

Treatment

Treatment of infections caused by Actinobacillus equuli involves the use of appropriate antibiotics. Early intervention is crucial for the successful treatment of sleepy foal disease. Supportive care, including fluid therapy, may also be necessary.

Prevention

Preventive measures include good hygiene practices during foaling and ensuring that foals receive adequate colostrum to boost their immune system. Monitoring mares for signs of infection can also help prevent transmission to foals.

Related pages

• Actinobacillus
• Pasteurellaceae
• Septicemia
• Equine diseases

Actinobacillus equuli

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