Universal design

Design philosophy for accessibility and usability

Universal design is a design philosophy that aims to create products, environments, and systems that are accessible and usable by all people, regardless of their age, disability, or other factors. The concept of universal design is rooted in the belief that design should be inclusive and cater to the widest possible range of human abilities.

History

The term "universal design" was coined by Ronald Mace, an architect and designer who was a pioneer in the field of accessible design. Mace, who had polio, advocated for design that would be usable by everyone, including people with disabilities. The principles of universal design were developed in the late 20th century and have since been applied to various fields, including architecture, product design, and information technology.

Principles

Universal design is guided by seven principles:

1. Equitable Use: The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities.
2. Flexibility in Use: The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities.
3. Simple and Intuitive Use: The design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or concentration level.
4. Perceptible Information: The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities.
5. Tolerance for Error: The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions.
6. Low Physical Effort: The design can be used efficiently and comfortably with a minimum of fatigue.
7. Size and Space for Approach and Use: Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of the user's body size, posture, or mobility.

Applications

Universal design is applied in various domains, including:

• Architecture: Buildings and public spaces are designed to be accessible to everyone, including those with mobility impairments. Features such as ramps, wide doorways, and accessible restrooms are common.
• Product Design: Everyday products, such as kitchen utensils and electronic devices, are designed to be easy to use for people with different abilities.
• Information Technology: Software and websites are developed to be accessible to users with disabilities, incorporating features like screen readers and alternative text for images.

Impact

The impact of universal design is significant, as it promotes inclusivity and accessibility in society. By considering the needs of all users, universal design helps to eliminate barriers and improve the quality of life for people with disabilities. It also benefits the general population by creating more user-friendly environments and products.

Related pages

• Accessibility
• Inclusive design
• Assistive technology

References

• Mace, Ronald L. "Universal Design: Barrier Free Environments for Everyone." North Carolina State University, The Center for Universal Design.
• Steinfeld, Edward, and Jordana Maisel. "Universal Design: Creating Inclusive Environments." Wiley, 2012.

Gallery

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  A universally designed public space in New York City.

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