Adolescent health

Overview of health issues affecting adolescents

Adolescent health refers to the range of approaches to preventing, detecting, or treating young people's health and well-being. Adolescence is a critical transitional period that includes the biological changes of puberty and the need to negotiate key developmental tasks, such as increasing independence and normative experimentation.

Overview

Adolescence is a period of rapid physical, cognitive, and psychosocial growth. During this time, individuals develop a sense of identity, autonomy, and intimacy. Health during adolescence is influenced by a variety of factors, including family, peers, schools, communities, and broader social and economic environments.

Physical health

Adolescents experience significant physical development during puberty, which includes growth spurts, development of secondary sexual characteristics, and changes in body composition. Nutrition, physical activity, and sleep are critical components of adolescent physical health.

Nutrition

Proper nutrition is essential for supporting the rapid growth and development that occurs during adolescence. Nutritional needs increase during this period, and adolescents should consume a balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients.

Physical activity

Regular physical activity is important for maintaining a healthy weight, building strong bones and muscles, and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Adolescents should engage in at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily.

Sleep

Adequate sleep is crucial for adolescent health, as it supports physical growth, cognitive development, and emotional regulation. Adolescents typically require 8-10 hours of sleep per night.

Mental health

Mental health is a critical component of adolescent well-being. Adolescents may experience a range of mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, and stress. Promoting mental health involves fostering supportive environments, building resilience, and providing access to mental health services.

Sexual and reproductive health

Adolescents begin to explore their sexuality and may engage in sexual activity. Comprehensive sexual education and access to contraception are important for preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies.

Substance use

Adolescents may experiment with substance use, including alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs. Prevention and intervention strategies are essential to reduce substance use and its associated risks.

Injury prevention

Injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adolescents. Injury prevention strategies include promoting safe driving, reducing violence, and encouraging the use of protective equipment during sports and recreational activities.

Related pages

• Child health
• Youth health
• Public health
• Preventive healthcare

Gallery

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  CDC Adolescent and School Health PSA

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