Loncastuximab tesirine: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 16:34, 16 February 2025

Loncastuximab Tesirine[edit]

Loncastuximab tesirine is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, specifically B-cell lymphoma. It is a targeted therapy that combines a monoclonal antibody with a cytotoxic drug, allowing for the selective delivery of the drug to cancer cells.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

Loncastuximab tesirine works by targeting the CD19 antigen, which is commonly expressed on the surface of B-cell malignancies. The monoclonal antibody component of the ADC binds to CD19, facilitating the internalization of the conjugate into the cancer cell. Once inside, the cytotoxic agent, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer, is released, leading to DNA cross-linking and ultimately inducing cell death.

Clinical Use[edit]

Loncastuximab tesirine is primarily used in the treatment of relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and other B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. It is typically administered to patients who have not responded to other forms of treatment, such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy.

Administration[edit]

The drug is administered via intravenous infusion, with the dosage and schedule determined by the patient's specific condition and response to treatment. Patients receiving loncastuximab tesirine are monitored for potential side effects, which can include hematologic toxicity, liver enzyme elevations, and infusion-related reactions.

Side Effects[edit]

Common side effects of loncastuximab tesirine include fatigue, nausea, and thrombocytopenia. More serious adverse effects can occur, such as neutropenia, anemia, and hepatotoxicity. Patients are advised to report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider promptly.

Related Pages[edit]

Template:Antibody-drug conjugates

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-'''Loncastuximab tesirine''' (also known as ADCT-402) is an [[antibody-drug conjugate]] (ADC) designed for the treatment of certain types of [[B-cell lymphoma]]. This therapeutic agent combines a monoclonal antibody targeting CD19, a protein commonly found on the surface of B-cell lymphomas, with a cytotoxic agent, tesirine. The antibody component of loncastuximab tesirine binds to CD19-expressing cells, facilitating the delivery of the cytotoxic payload directly to the cancer cells, thereby minimizing the impact on healthy cells.
+== Loncastuximab Tesirine ==
-== Mechanism of Action ==
+[[File:Loncastuximab_tesirine.svg|thumb|right|Chemical structure of Loncastuximab tesirine]]
-Loncastuximab tesirine works through a targeted approach. The monoclonal antibody component specifically binds to CD19, a protein expressed on the surface of B-cells. Upon binding, the complex is internalized, and the cytotoxic agent tesirine is released inside the cancer cell. Tesirine induces DNA damage by intercalating into DNA strands, leading to cell death. This targeted approach helps to reduce the damage to non-cancerous cells, potentially leading to fewer side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy.
-== Clinical Trials and Approval ==
+'''Loncastuximab tesirine''' is an [[antibody-drug conjugate]] (ADC) used in the treatment of certain types of [[cancer]], specifically [[B-cell lymphoma]]. It is a targeted therapy that combines a monoclonal antibody with a cytotoxic drug, allowing for the selective delivery of the drug to cancer cells.
-Clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy and safety of loncastuximab tesirine in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphomas. The results from these studies have demonstrated significant antitumor activity, leading to its approval by regulatory agencies for the treatment of specific lymphoma subtypes.
-In April 2021, the [[U.S. Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) granted accelerated approval to loncastuximab tesirine for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma after two or more lines of systemic therapy. This approval was based on the overall response rate and duration of response observed in a pivotal clinical trial.
+=== Mechanism of Action ===
-== Adverse Effects ==
+Loncastuximab tesirine works by targeting the [[CD19]] antigen, which is commonly expressed on the surface of B-cell malignancies. The monoclonal antibody component of the ADC binds to CD19, facilitating the internalization of the conjugate into the cancer cell. Once inside, the cytotoxic agent, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer, is released, leading to [[DNA]] cross-linking and ultimately inducing cell death.
-Like all therapeutic agents, loncastuximab tesirine is associated with a range of adverse effects. Common side effects include fatigue, neutropenia (low levels of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell), thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), anemia, and increased levels of liver enzymes. More severe side effects can include serious infections, liver toxicity, and tumor lysis syndrome, a condition that occurs when cancer cells break down rapidly, releasing their contents into the bloodstream.
-== Usage ==
+=== Clinical Use ===
-Loncastuximab tesirine is administered intravenously. The dosing schedule typically involves treatment cycles, with the drug being given on the first day of each cycle. The number of cycles and the duration of treatment depend on the patient's response to therapy and the occurrence of any adverse effects.
-== Future Directions ==
+Loncastuximab tesirine is primarily used in the treatment of relapsed or refractory [[diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]] (DLBCL) and other B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. It is typically administered to patients who have not responded to other forms of treatment, such as [[chemotherapy]] or [[immunotherapy]].
-Research is ongoing to explore the potential of loncastuximab tesirine in combination with other therapeutic agents and in other types of B-cell malignancies. These studies aim to improve the efficacy and safety profile of the treatment and to expand its indications.
-== See Also ==
+=== Administration ===
+The drug is administered via [[intravenous]] infusion, with the dosage and schedule determined by the patient's specific condition and response to treatment. Patients receiving loncastuximab tesirine are monitored for potential side effects, which can include [[hematologic toxicity]], [[liver enzyme]] elevations, and [[infusion-related reactions]].
+=== Side Effects ===
+Common side effects of loncastuximab tesirine include fatigue, nausea, and [[thrombocytopenia]]. More serious adverse effects can occur, such as [[neutropenia]], [[anemia]], and [[hepatotoxicity]]. Patients are advised to report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider promptly.
+== Related Pages ==
 * [[Antibody-drug conjugate]]
 * [[B-cell lymphoma]]
 * [[CD19]]
-* [[Chemotherapy]]
+* [[Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]]
-* [[Monoclonal antibody]]
+{{Antibody-drug conjugates}}
+[[Category:Antibody-drug conjugates]]
 [[Category:Cancer treatments]]
-[[Category:Monoclonal antibodies]]
-[[Category:Antibody-drug conjugates]]
-{{Medicine-stub}}