Uremic pericarditis: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|A | {{Short description|A form of pericarditis associated with kidney failure}} | ||
'''Uremic pericarditis''' is a | ==Uremic Pericarditis== | ||
[[File:Pericarditis_fibrinosa.jpg|thumb|right|Fibrinous pericarditis, a form of pericarditis that can occur in uremic pericarditis.]] | |||
'''Uremic pericarditis''' is a type of [[pericarditis]] that occurs in patients with [[chronic kidney disease]] or [[acute kidney injury]]. It is characterized by inflammation of the [[pericardium]], the fibrous sac surrounding the [[heart]], due to the accumulation of uremic toxins in the blood. | |||
==Pathophysiology== | ===Pathophysiology=== | ||
In uremic pericarditis, the buildup of [[uremic toxins]] in the blood due to impaired kidney function leads to inflammation of the pericardium. This inflammation can result in the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space, known as a [[pericardial effusion]]. The effusion can be serous or fibrinous, with fibrinous pericarditis being more common in uremic pericarditis. | |||
==Clinical | ===Clinical Features=== | ||
Patients with uremic pericarditis may present with [[chest pain]], which is typically sharp and pleuritic | Patients with uremic pericarditis may present with [[chest pain]], which is typically sharp and pleuritic, and may be relieved by sitting up and leaning forward. Other symptoms can include [[fever]], [[dyspnea]], and a pericardial friction rub heard on auscultation. In severe cases, cardiac tamponade may occur, leading to hemodynamic instability. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ===Diagnosis=== | ||
The diagnosis of uremic pericarditis is | The diagnosis of uremic pericarditis is primarily clinical, supported by laboratory findings of elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels. [[Electrocardiogram|ECG]] changes may include diffuse [[ST segment elevation]] and PR segment depression. [[Echocardiography]] can be used to assess the presence and size of a pericardial effusion. | ||
==Treatment== | ===Treatment=== | ||
The primary treatment for uremic pericarditis is the initiation or intensification of dialysis to remove uremic toxins. [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]] (NSAIDs) and [[corticosteroids]] may be used to | The primary treatment for uremic pericarditis is the initiation or intensification of [[dialysis]] to remove uremic toxins. [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]] (NSAIDs) and [[corticosteroids]] may be used to reduce inflammation and pain. In cases of large pericardial effusion or cardiac tamponade, pericardiocentesis or surgical drainage may be necessary. | ||
==Related pages== | ==Related pages== | ||
* [[Pericarditis]] | * [[Pericarditis]] | ||
* [[Chronic kidney disease]] | * [[Chronic kidney disease]] | ||
* [[Acute kidney injury]] | |||
* [[Dialysis]] | * [[Dialysis]] | ||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | |||
[[Category:Nephrology]] | |||
[[Category: | |||
[[Category: | |||
Revision as of 06:25, 16 February 2025
A form of pericarditis associated with kidney failure
Uremic Pericarditis
Uremic pericarditis is a type of pericarditis that occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury. It is characterized by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac surrounding the heart, due to the accumulation of uremic toxins in the blood.
Pathophysiology
In uremic pericarditis, the buildup of uremic toxins in the blood due to impaired kidney function leads to inflammation of the pericardium. This inflammation can result in the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space, known as a pericardial effusion. The effusion can be serous or fibrinous, with fibrinous pericarditis being more common in uremic pericarditis.
Clinical Features
Patients with uremic pericarditis may present with chest pain, which is typically sharp and pleuritic, and may be relieved by sitting up and leaning forward. Other symptoms can include fever, dyspnea, and a pericardial friction rub heard on auscultation. In severe cases, cardiac tamponade may occur, leading to hemodynamic instability.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of uremic pericarditis is primarily clinical, supported by laboratory findings of elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels. ECG changes may include diffuse ST segment elevation and PR segment depression. Echocardiography can be used to assess the presence and size of a pericardial effusion.
Treatment
The primary treatment for uremic pericarditis is the initiation or intensification of dialysis to remove uremic toxins. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation and pain. In cases of large pericardial effusion or cardiac tamponade, pericardiocentesis or surgical drainage may be necessary.
