Fluoxymesterone: Difference between revisions

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{{PAGENAME}} is a medication that acts similarly to male sex hormones.
{{Short description|Anabolic steroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}


{{intro}}
== Overview ==
Androgenic steroids are used for male sex hormone replacement and in the therapy of malignancies. The androgens also have anabolic effects and are used in catabolic or muscle wasting states. The synthetic anabolic steroids are also widely used illicitly for body building.
'''Fluoxymesterone''' is a synthetic [[anabolic steroid]] derived from [[testosterone]]. It is known for its potent androgenic and anabolic effects, making it useful in various medical treatments. Fluoxymesterone is marketed under several brand names, including Halotestin and Ultandren.


{{livtox}}
== Chemical Structure and Synthesis ==
Many synthetic androgenic steroids are capable of causing cholestatic liver injury and long term use of androgens is associated with development of liver tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic adenoma.
[[File:Fluoxymesterone_Synthesis.jpg|thumb|right|Chemical synthesis of Fluoxymesterone]]
Fluoxymesterone is chemically classified as a 17_-alkylated derivative of testosterone. The presence of a fluorine atom at the 9_ position and a hydroxyl group at the 11_ position distinguishes it from other anabolic steroids. The synthesis of fluoxymesterone involves multiple steps, starting from testosterone or its derivatives, and includes halogenation and hydroxylation reactions.


{{moa}}
== Mechanism of Action ==
Modifications of testosterone have been developed that are more bioavailable or have a longer duration of action. Modification by esterification (testosterone cypionate, enanthate and propionate) maintains the virilizing effects of testosterone, but increases potency and duration of action. Alkylation of the C-17 position of testosterone allows for oral administration and often alters the relative anabolic potency in relation to the masculinizing effects. The C-17 alkylated testosterones include [[methyltestosterone]] (meth" il tes tos' ter one), [[methandrostenolone]] (meth an" droe stene' oh lone), [[oxymetholone]] (ox" i meth' oh lone), [[danazol]] (dan' a zol), [[fluoxymesteone]] (floo ox" i mes' ter one), [[stanazol]] (stan oh' zoe lol), [[norethandrolone]] (nor eth' an drone) and [[oxandrolone]] (ox an' droe lone), and have been extensively evaluated as a means of increasing weight gain and muscle development in catabolic states as well as to improve athletic performance.
Fluoxymesterone exerts its effects by binding to the [[androgen receptor]], which is present in various tissues throughout the body. This binding initiates a cascade of events that lead to increased protein synthesis, muscle growth, and the development of male secondary sexual characteristics. The drug also has a significant impact on [[erythropoiesis]], enhancing the production of [[red blood cells]].


{{indication}}
== Medical Uses ==
They have also been used to treat aplastic anemia and bone marrow failure of several causes. They are often well tolerated and have limited virilizing activity. However, the C-17 alkylated androgenic steroids have all been implicated in cases of liver injury, including prolonged cholestasis, peliosis hepatis, nodular regeneration, hepatic adenomas and hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast, the esterified testosterones have only rarely been implicated in causing cholestasis, although their long term use may increase the risk of hepatic tumors and nodular transformation, but seemingly at a much lower rate than the 17-alkylated testosterones.
Fluoxymesterone is primarily used in the treatment of male [[hypogonadism]], a condition characterized by low testosterone levels. It is also prescribed for delayed puberty in males and certain types of [[breast cancer]] in females. The anabolic properties of fluoxymesterone make it beneficial in promoting weight gain and muscle mass in patients suffering from chronic wasting conditions.


== Other uses of {{PAGENAME}} ==
== Side Effects ==
Current uses of androgenic steroids include androgen deficiency, breast cancer, postpartum breast engorgement, hereditary angioneurotic edema, endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease. The androgenic steroids are also used off label and illegally as a means of increasing muscle mass and athletic performance. The abuse of anabolic steroids is particularly common among body builders and young male athletes, although their use has been banned from the Olympics and in major professional and college sports. Recently, anabolic steroids have been found in some nutritional supplements available over-the-counter or via the internet which are advertised as increasing a sense of well being and muscle mass or as an aid to body building.
The use of fluoxymesterone can lead to a range of side effects, particularly due to its androgenic activity. Common side effects include [[acne]], [[hirsutism]], and [[voice deepening]] in females. Long-term use can result in liver damage, cardiovascular issues, and alterations in [[lipid profile]]. Due to its potential for abuse, fluoxymesterone is classified as a controlled substance in many countries.


{{brand}}
== Contraindications ==
REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES
Fluoxymesterone is contraindicated in patients with prostate cancer, male breast cancer, and in women who are pregnant or may become pregnant. It should be used with caution in individuals with pre-existing liver or cardiovascular conditions.
* Danazol – Generic, Danocrine®
* Fluoxymesterone – Androxy®
* Methandienone – Dianabol®
* Methenolone – Primobolan®
* Methyltestosterone – Android®, Methitest®, Testred®
* Nandrolone – Generic, Deca-Durabolin®
* Norethandrolone – Generic, Nilevar®, Norlutin®
* Oxandrolone – Generic, Oxandrin®
* Oxymetholone – Anadrol®
* Stanozolol – Winstrol®
* Testosterone – Depo-Testosterone®
{{class}}
Anabolic Steroids


{{stubd}}
== Related Pages ==
* [[Anabolic steroid]]
* [[Testosterone]]
* [[Androgen receptor]]
* [[Hypogonadism]]
 
[[Category:Anabolic steroids]]

Latest revision as of 05:53, 16 February 2025

Anabolic steroid



Overview[edit]

Fluoxymesterone is a synthetic anabolic steroid derived from testosterone. It is known for its potent androgenic and anabolic effects, making it useful in various medical treatments. Fluoxymesterone is marketed under several brand names, including Halotestin and Ultandren.

Chemical Structure and Synthesis[edit]

Chemical synthesis of Fluoxymesterone

Fluoxymesterone is chemically classified as a 17_-alkylated derivative of testosterone. The presence of a fluorine atom at the 9_ position and a hydroxyl group at the 11_ position distinguishes it from other anabolic steroids. The synthesis of fluoxymesterone involves multiple steps, starting from testosterone or its derivatives, and includes halogenation and hydroxylation reactions.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

Fluoxymesterone exerts its effects by binding to the androgen receptor, which is present in various tissues throughout the body. This binding initiates a cascade of events that lead to increased protein synthesis, muscle growth, and the development of male secondary sexual characteristics. The drug also has a significant impact on erythropoiesis, enhancing the production of red blood cells.

Medical Uses[edit]

Fluoxymesterone is primarily used in the treatment of male hypogonadism, a condition characterized by low testosterone levels. It is also prescribed for delayed puberty in males and certain types of breast cancer in females. The anabolic properties of fluoxymesterone make it beneficial in promoting weight gain and muscle mass in patients suffering from chronic wasting conditions.

Side Effects[edit]

The use of fluoxymesterone can lead to a range of side effects, particularly due to its androgenic activity. Common side effects include acne, hirsutism, and voice deepening in females. Long-term use can result in liver damage, cardiovascular issues, and alterations in lipid profile. Due to its potential for abuse, fluoxymesterone is classified as a controlled substance in many countries.

Contraindications[edit]

Fluoxymesterone is contraindicated in patients with prostate cancer, male breast cancer, and in women who are pregnant or may become pregnant. It should be used with caution in individuals with pre-existing liver or cardiovascular conditions.

Related Pages[edit]

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