'''Panomifene''' is a nonsteroidal [[selective estrogen receptor modulator]] (SERM) that has been studied for its potential use in the treatment of [[breast cancer]]. It is structurally related to other SERMs such as [[tamoxifen]] and [[toremifene]].
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== Mechanism of Action ==
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| CAS_number = 77599-17-8
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| PubChem = 3033654
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| ChemSpiderID = 2298282
| UNII = GCW5E728OC
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| ChEMBL = 2105273
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Panomifene acts by binding to [[estrogen receptors]] in target tissues. As a SERM, it exhibits both estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects depending on the tissue type. In breast tissue, panomifene acts primarily as an antiestrogen, blocking the proliferative action of estrogen on [[breast cancer]] cells. This makes it potentially useful in the treatment and prevention of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
'''Panomifene''' ([[International Nonproprietary Name|INN]]) (former developmental code names '''GYKI-13504''', '''EGIS-5650''') is a [[nonsteroidal]] [[selective estrogen receptor modulator]] (SERM) of the [[triphenylethylene]] group related to [[tamoxifen]] that was under development as an [[antineoplastic agent]] by [[Egis Pharmaceuticals]] and [[IVAX Drug Research Institute]] in the 1990s for the treatment of [[breast cancer]] but was not marketed.<ref name="Elks2014">{{cite book|author=J. Elks|title=The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0vXTBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA930|date=14 November 2014|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4757-2085-3|pages=930–}}</ref><ref name="AdisInsight">http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800002425</ref><ref name="OettelSchillinger2012a">{{cite book|author1=Michael Oettel|author2=Ekkehard Schillinger|title=Estrogens and Antiestrogens I: Physiology and Mechanisms of Action of Estrogens and Antiestrogens|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0BfrCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA60|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-58616-3|pages=60–}}</ref><ref name="OettelSchillinger2012b">{{cite book|author1=Michael Oettel|author2=Ekkehard Schillinger|title=Estrogens and Antiestrogens II: Pharmacology and Clinical Application of Estrogens and Antiestrogen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wBvyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA292|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-60107-1|pages=292–}}</ref><ref name="DixneufBruneau2014">{{cite book|author1=Pierre H. Dixneuf|author2=Christian Bruneau|title=Ruthenium in Catalysis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sjndBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA385|date=18 October 2014|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-08482-4|pages=385–}}</ref><ref name="pmid9328614">{{cite journal | vauthors = Borvendég J, Hermann I, Csuka O | title = Antiestrogens, antiandrogens | journal = Acta Physiol Hung | volume = 84 | issue = 4 | pages = 405–6 | year = 1996 | pmid = 9328614 | doi = | url = }}</ref> It reached [[Phases of clinical research#Phase II|phase II]] [[clinical trial]]s before development was terminated.<ref name="AdisInsight" /> The drug was described in 1981.<ref name="Elks2014" />
== Pharmacokinetics ==
==References==
The pharmacokinetic profile of panomifene includes its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Like other SERMs, panomifene is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in the feces. The specific metabolic pathways and half-life of panomifene are subjects of ongoing research.
Panomifene has been investigated in clinical trials for its efficacy in treating breast cancer. Its role as a therapeutic agent is based on its ability to inhibit the growth of estrogen-dependent tumors. However, as of the latest updates, panomifene has not been approved for clinical use and remains an investigational drug.
{{Estrogen receptor modulators}}
== Side Effects ==
[[Category:Abandoned drugs]]
The side effect profile of panomifene is similar to that of other SERMs. Common side effects may include hot flashes, nausea, and an increased risk of thromboembolic events. Long-term safety and tolerability are important considerations in the development of panomifene as a therapeutic agent.
Panomifene acts by binding to estrogen receptors in target tissues. As a SERM, it exhibits both estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects depending on the tissue type. In breast tissue, panomifene acts primarily as an antiestrogen, blocking the proliferative action of estrogen on breast cancer cells. This makes it potentially useful in the treatment and prevention of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
The pharmacokinetic profile of panomifene includes its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Like other SERMs, panomifene is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in the feces. The specific metabolic pathways and half-life of panomifene are subjects of ongoing research.
Panomifene has been investigated in clinical trials for its efficacy in treating breast cancer. Its role as a therapeutic agent is based on its ability to inhibit the growth of estrogen-dependent tumors. However, as of the latest updates, panomifene has not been approved for clinical use and remains an investigational drug.
The side effect profile of panomifene is similar to that of other SERMs. Common side effects may include hot flashes, nausea, and an increased risk of thromboembolic events. Long-term safety and tolerability are important considerations in the development of panomifene as a therapeutic agent.
