AOH1996: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 03:28, 13 February 2025

Anatomy of the Human Heart[edit]

The human heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the circulatory system by rhythmic contractions. It is located in the thoracic cavity, between the lungs, and is roughly the size of a closed fist. The heart is divided into four chambers: the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles.

Structure[edit]

The heart is composed of three layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The epicardium is the outermost layer, the myocardium is the thick muscular middle layer, and the endocardium is the innermost layer lining the heart chambers.

Chambers[edit]

The heart has four chambers:

Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.
Right Ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins.
Left Ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta.

Valves[edit]

The heart contains four main valves that ensure unidirectional blood flow:

Tricuspid Valve: Located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Pulmonary Valve: Located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
Mitral Valve: Located between the left atrium and left ventricle.
Aortic Valve: Located between the left ventricle and aorta.

Function[edit]

The primary function of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes. The heart's pumping action is regulated by electrical impulses that originate in the sinoatrial node, often referred to as the heart's natural pacemaker.

Blood Supply[edit]

The heart itself requires a constant supply of oxygen-rich blood, which is provided by the coronary arteries. These arteries branch off from the aorta and encircle the heart muscle.

Conduction System[edit]

The heart's electrical conduction system controls the heart rate and rhythm. It includes the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers.

Related Pages[edit]

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-{{Short description|A novel small molecule inhibitor targeting PCNA}}
+== Anatomy of the Human Heart ==
-{{Drugbox
-| verifiedfields = changed
-| verifiedrevid = 477002547
-| IUPAC_name = 2-(4-((4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl)sulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanol
-| image = AOH1996.svg
-}}
-'''AOH1996''' is a small molecule inhibitor that targets the [[proliferating cell nuclear antigen]] (PCNA), a protein that plays a critical role in [[DNA replication]] and [[DNA repair]] processes. This compound has been studied for its potential use in [[cancer therapy]], as it can disrupt the function of PCNA, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells.
+[[File:AOH1996.svg|thumb|right|Diagram of the human heart]]
-==Mechanism of Action==
+The human heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the [[circulatory system]] by rhythmic contractions. It is located in the [[thoracic cavity]], between the lungs, and is roughly the size of a closed fist. The heart is divided into four chambers: the left and right [[atrium|atria]] and the left and right [[ventricle|ventricles]].
-AOH1996 functions by binding to PCNA, which is a key component of the [[DNA replication fork]]. PCNA acts as a sliding clamp that encircles DNA, providing a platform for the recruitment of various proteins involved in DNA synthesis and repair. By inhibiting PCNA, AOH1996 interferes with the replication machinery, leading to the stalling of DNA replication and the induction of [[apoptosis]] in rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells.
-==Potential Applications==
+=== Structure ===
-The primary application of AOH1996 is in the field of [[oncology]]. Due to its ability to selectively target cancer cells, it is being investigated as a therapeutic agent for various types of cancer, including [[breast cancer]], [[lung cancer]], and [[prostate cancer]]. The specificity of AOH1996 for cancer cells over normal cells is attributed to the higher dependency of cancer cells on PCNA for their rapid proliferation.
-==Research and Development==
+The heart is composed of three layers: the [[epicardium]], [[myocardium]], and [[endocardium]]. The epicardium is the outermost layer, the myocardium is the thick muscular middle layer, and the endocardium is the innermost layer lining the heart chambers.
-Research on AOH1996 is ongoing, with studies focusing on its efficacy, safety, and potential combination with other cancer therapies. Preclinical studies have shown promising results, and clinical trials are being designed to further evaluate its therapeutic potential.
-==Challenges and Considerations==
+==== Chambers ====
-While AOH1996 shows promise as a cancer therapeutic, there are challenges that need to be addressed. These include understanding the long-term effects of PCNA inhibition, potential resistance mechanisms that cancer cells might develop, and the optimization of dosing regimens to maximize efficacy while minimizing side effects.
-==Related pages==
+The heart has four chambers:
-* [[Proliferating cell nuclear antigen]]
-* [[DNA replication]]
-* [[Cancer therapy]]
-* [[Apoptosis]]
-[[Category:Antineoplastic drugs]]
+* '''Right Atrium''': Receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the [[superior vena cava]] and [[inferior vena cava]].
-[[Category:Experimental cancer drugs]]
+* '''Right Ventricle''': Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the [[pulmonary artery]].
-[[Category:Sulfonamides]]
+* '''Left Atrium''': Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the [[pulmonary veins]].
+* '''Left Ventricle''': Pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the [[aorta]].
+==== Valves ====
+The heart contains four main valves that ensure unidirectional blood flow:
+* '''Tricuspid Valve''': Located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
+* '''Pulmonary Valve''': Located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
+* '''Mitral Valve''': Located between the left atrium and left ventricle.
+* '''Aortic Valve''': Located between the left ventricle and aorta.
+=== Function ===
+The primary function of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes. The heart's pumping action is regulated by electrical impulses that originate in the [[sinoatrial node]], often referred to as the heart's natural pacemaker.
+=== Blood Supply ===
+The heart itself requires a constant supply of oxygen-rich blood, which is provided by the [[coronary arteries]]. These arteries branch off from the aorta and encircle the heart muscle.
+=== Conduction System ===
+The heart's electrical conduction system controls the heart rate and rhythm. It includes the sinoatrial node, [[atrioventricular node]], [[bundle of His]], and [[Purkinje fibers]].
+== Related Pages ==
+* [[Cardiovascular system]]
+* [[Blood pressure]]
+* [[Electrocardiography]]
+* [[Heart disease]]
+[[Category:Cardiology]]
+[[Category:Anatomy]]