Plus

Plus disease is a medical condition that is often associated with Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP). It is characterized by the dilation and tortuosity of the blood vessels in the eye, specifically in the posterior pole. The condition is considered a severe form of ROP and can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.

Symptoms

The primary symptoms of Plus disease include the abnormal dilation and tortuosity of the blood vessels in the posterior pole of the eye. This can lead to a range of visual impairments, including blindness in severe cases. Other symptoms may include leukocoria (white pupillary reflex) and strabismus (misalignment of the eyes).

Causes

The exact cause of Plus disease is not fully understood. However, it is believed to be related to the abnormal development of the blood vessels in the eye, which can be triggered by a variety of factors, including premature birth, low birth weight, and exposure to high levels of oxygen after birth.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Plus disease is typically made through a comprehensive eye examination, which may include fundus photography and fluorescein angiography. These tests allow doctors to visualize the blood vessels in the eye and identify any abnormalities.

Treatment

Treatment for Plus disease typically involves laser therapy or cryotherapy to destroy the abnormal blood vessels. In severe cases, surgery may be required to reattach the retina if it has detached.

Prognosis

The prognosis for Plus disease varies depending on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment. With prompt and appropriate treatment, many individuals with Plus disease are able to maintain functional vision. However, in severe cases, the condition can lead to permanent blindness.

See also

• Retinopathy of Prematurity
• Blindness
• Leukocoria
• Strabismus

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