Urethane

Urethane, also known as ethyl carbamate, is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2NHCOOCH2CH3. It is a colorless, odorless, crystalline compound, which is soluble in water and most organic solvents. Urethane is used in a wide range of applications, including as a solvent, in the manufacture of resins and plastics, and in the production of pharmaceuticals.

History

Urethane was first synthesized in 1828 by the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler. He discovered it as a byproduct of his attempts to synthesize urea from ammonium chloride and silver cyanate. This discovery marked a significant milestone in the history of organic chemistry, as it was the first time a compound had been created in the laboratory that was previously only known to exist in living organisms.

Production

Urethane is produced by reacting ethanol with isocyanic acid. This reaction is highly exothermic and results in the formation of urethane and water. The reaction can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as a strong acid or base, to increase the rate of reaction.

Uses

Urethane is used in a variety of applications. It is a common solvent in the paint and coatings industry, and is also used in the manufacture of resins and plastics. In the pharmaceutical industry, urethane is used as a starting material for the synthesis of a number of drugs.

Health effects

Exposure to urethane can cause a number of health effects. It is a known carcinogen and has been linked to an increased risk of lung and bladder cancer. Long-term exposure can also cause damage to the liver and kidneys.

See also

• Ethanol
• Isocyanic acid
• Urea
• Friedrich Wöhler

References

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