F factor

F factor (or F plasmid) is a genetic element found in bacteria that allows them to perform a process known as bacterial conjugation. This process is a type of gene transfer that increases genetic diversity among bacteria.

Overview

The F factor, also known as the fertility factor, is a type of plasmid - a small, circular piece of DNA that is separate from the bacterial chromosome. It carries genes that code for the production of sex pilus, a structure that enables the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another.

Role in Bacterial Conjugation

In bacterial conjugation, a bacterium with the F factor (the donor) transfers a copy of the F factor to a bacterium without it (the recipient). This is achieved through the sex pilus, which forms a bridge between the two bacteria, allowing the transfer of the F factor.

Once the recipient bacterium has received the F factor, it becomes a potential donor itself. This process increases the genetic diversity among bacteria, which can contribute to their ability to adapt to changing environments and resist antibiotics.

F' Plasmid

In some cases, the F factor can integrate into the bacterial chromosome. When it is subsequently excised, it can carry with it a portion of the bacterial chromosome. This modified F factor, known as an F' plasmid, can then be transferred to a recipient bacterium, along with the chromosomal genes it carries. This process, known as Hfr conjugation, can lead to the rapid spread of new traits among bacteria.

See Also

• Bacterial conjugation
• Plasmid
• Gene transfer
• Antibiotic resistance

References

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