Transient receptor potential channel: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 23:49, 9 February 2025

Transient Receptor Potential Channel

Phylogeny of TRP channels

Transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels) are a group of ion channels located mostly on the plasma membrane of numerous animal cell types. These channels are involved in various physiological processes and are known for their role in sensory perception, including vision, taste, olfaction, hearing, touch, and thermosensation.

History

The TRP channel family was first discovered in the late 20th century. The name "transient receptor potential" was derived from a mutant strain of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster that exhibited a transient response to light. This discovery led to the identification of similar channels in other species, including humans.

Structure

TRP channels are composed of six transmembrane domains with both the N- and C-termini located intracellularly. They form tetrameric structures that create a pore through which ions can pass. The channels are non-selective cation channels, allowing the passage of calcium, sodium, and magnesium ions.

Function

TRP channels play a crucial role in various sensory modalities. They are involved in the detection of temperature changes, mechanical forces, and chemical stimuli. For example, TRPV1 is activated by heat and capsaicin, the compound responsible for the spiciness of chili peppers.

Classification

TRP channels are classified into several subfamilies based on their sequence homology and functional similarities:

TRPC (Canonical)
TRPV (Vanilloid)
TRPM (Melastatin)
TRPA (Ankyrin)
TRPP (Polycystin)
TRPML (Mucolipin)

Each subfamily has distinct physiological roles and activation mechanisms.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in TRP channels can lead to various diseases and disorders. For instance, mutations in TRPV4 are associated with skeletal dysplasias and neuropathies. TRP channels are also targets for drug development, particularly in the treatment of pain and inflammation.

Research

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the precise mechanisms of TRP channel activation and regulation. Studies are also exploring the potential therapeutic applications of modulating TRP channel activity.

File:TRP P.Americana retina.jpg

TRP channels in the retina of Periplaneta americana

Related Pages

References

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-'''Transient receptor potential channels''' ('''TRP channels''') are a group of [[ion channels]] located mostly on the [[plasma membrane]] of numerous [[animal cell]]s. These channels are known for their wide variety of functions, including the sensation of different stimuli such as temperature, pressure, and chemicals.
+== Transient Receptor Potential Channel ==
+[[File:TRP_Channel_Phylogeny.svg|thumb|Phylogeny of TRP channels]]
+Transient receptor potential channels (TRP channels) are a group of ion channels located mostly on the plasma membrane of numerous animal cell types. These channels are involved in various physiological processes and are known for their role in sensory perception, including vision, taste, olfaction, hearing, touch, and thermosensation.
+== History ==
+The TRP channel family was first discovered in the late 20th century. The name "transient receptor potential" was derived from a mutant strain of the fruit fly ''Drosophila melanogaster'' that exhibited a transient response to light. This discovery led to the identification of similar channels in other species, including humans.
 == Structure ==
-TRP channels are composed of six [[transmembrane]] domains with a pore loop, a coiled-coil domain, and variable [[amino-terminal]] and [[carboxy-terminal]] domains. TRP channels are found in most cell types and are believed to be largely responsible for a wide variety of cellular responses to environmental stressors.
+TRP channels are composed of six transmembrane domains with both the N- and C-termini located intracellularly. They form tetrameric structures that create a pore through which ions can pass. The channels are non-selective cation channels, allowing the passage of calcium, sodium, and magnesium ions.
 == Function ==
-TRP channels are involved in many different types of sensory perception. For example, they play a role in the sensation of pain, heat, cold, pressure, taste, and vision. In addition, TRP channels are involved in the regulation of [[cell growth]] and [[proliferation]], and they have a significant role in the responses of the [[central nervous system]] to a wide variety of stimuli.
+TRP channels play a crucial role in various sensory modalities. They are involved in the detection of temperature changes, mechanical forces, and chemical stimuli. For example, TRPV1 is activated by heat and capsaicin, the compound responsible for the spiciness of chili peppers.
 == Classification ==
-TRP channels are classified into seven subfamilies: TRPC (Canonical), TRPV (Vanilloid), TRPM (Melastatin), TRPP (Polycystin), TRPML (Mucolipin), TRPA (Ankyrin), and TRPN (NOMPC). Each of these subfamilies contains multiple different types of TRP channels, each with its own specific function and role within the cell.
+TRP channels are classified into several subfamilies based on their sequence homology and functional similarities:
+* TRPC (Canonical)
+* TRPV (Vanilloid)
+* TRPM (Melastatin)
+* TRPA (Ankyrin)
+* TRPP (Polycystin)
+* TRPML (Mucolipin)
+Each subfamily has distinct physiological roles and activation mechanisms.
+== Clinical Significance ==
+Mutations in TRP channels can lead to various diseases and disorders. For instance, mutations in TRPV4 are associated with skeletal dysplasias and neuropathies. TRP channels are also targets for drug development, particularly in the treatment of pain and inflammation.
+== Research ==
+Ongoing research is focused on understanding the precise mechanisms of TRP channel activation and regulation. Studies are also exploring the potential therapeutic applications of modulating TRP channel activity.
-== Clinical significance ==
+[[File:TRP_P.Americana_retina.jpg|thumb|TRP channels in the retina of ''Periplaneta americana'']]
-Mutations in TRP channels have been associated with several diseases, such as [[neurodegenerative disorders]], [[cardiovascular diseases]], and [[cancer]]. Therefore, these channels are considered potential targets for the development of new [[drug therapy|drug therapies]].
-== See also ==
+== Related Pages ==
 * [[Ion channel]]
-* [[Cell membrane]]
+* [[Sensory system]]
-* [[Sensory perception]]
+* [[Capsaicin]]
 == References ==
-<references />
+{{Reflist}}
+[[File:TRPC5_Chemo.jpg|thumb|TRPC5 channel involved in chemosensation]]
-[[Category:Cell biology]]
-[[Category:Membrane biology]]
 [[Category:Ion channels]]
-{{biology-stub}}
+[[Category:Membrane proteins]]