Trilogy of Fallot: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:55, 9 February 2025

Congenital heart defect

Trilogy of Fallot is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by three primary cardiac anomalies: pulmonary valve stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and an atrial septal defect. This condition is related to, but distinct from, the more well-known Tetralogy of Fallot.

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

Pulmonary valve stenosis is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve opening, which restricts blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. This obstruction increases the workload on the right ventricle, leading to right ventricular hypertrophy.

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Right ventricular hypertrophy refers to the thickening of the muscular walls of the right ventricle. This occurs as a compensatory mechanism in response to the increased pressure required to overcome the obstruction caused by pulmonary valve stenosis.

Atrial Septal Defect

An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two upper chambers of the heart (atria). This defect allows oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the right atrium, potentially leading to increased blood flow to the lungs and further strain on the right side of the heart.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Trilogy of Fallot is typically made through a combination of physical examination, echocardiography, and other imaging techniques such as cardiac MRI or CT scan. A heart murmur is often detected during a physical exam, prompting further investigation.

Treatment

Treatment for Trilogy of Fallot usually involves surgical intervention to correct the defects. This may include procedures to relieve the pulmonary stenosis, repair the atrial septal defect, and address any associated anomalies. In some cases, a balloon valvuloplasty may be performed to widen the pulmonary valve.

Prognosis

With appropriate surgical treatment, individuals with Trilogy of Fallot can lead relatively normal lives. However, they require regular follow-up with a cardiologist to monitor heart function and detect any potential complications.

Related pages

References

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-'''Trilogy of Fallot''' is a medical condition that is a variant of the [[Tetralogy of Fallot]], a type of congenital heart defect. The Trilogy of Fallot consists of three main defects: [[pulmonary stenosis]], [[right ventricular hypertrophy]], and a [[ventricular septal defect]].
+{{Short description|Congenital heart defect}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
-== Pulmonary Stenosis ==
+'''Trilogy of Fallot''' is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by three primary cardiac anomalies: [[pulmonary valve stenosis]], [[right ventricular hypertrophy]], and an [[atrial septal defect]]. This condition is related to, but distinct from, the more well-known [[Tetralogy of Fallot]].
-[[Pulmonary stenosis]] is a condition in which the flow of blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the pulmonary artery is obstructed at the level of the pulmonary valve. This obstruction can lead to an increase in right ventricular pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy.
-== Right Ventricular Hypertrophy ==
+==Anatomy and Pathophysiology==
-[[Right ventricular hypertrophy]] is a condition characterized by the thickening of the walls of the right ventricle. This can occur as a result of pulmonary stenosis, as the right ventricle must work harder to pump blood through the narrowed pulmonary valve.
-== Ventricular Septal Defect ==
+===Pulmonary Valve Stenosis===
-A [[ventricular septal defect]] is a hole in the wall that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart. This defect can allow oxygen-rich blood to mix with oxygen-poor blood, causing the heart to work harder to provide enough oxygen to the body's tissues.
+[[File:Pulmonary_valve_stenosis.svg|thumb|right|Diagram of pulmonary valve stenosis]]
+Pulmonary valve stenosis is a narrowing of the [[pulmonary valve]] opening, which restricts blood flow from the right ventricle to the [[pulmonary artery]]. This obstruction increases the workload on the right ventricle, leading to [[right ventricular hypertrophy]].
-== Diagnosis and Treatment ==
+===Right Ventricular Hypertrophy===
-The Trilogy of Fallot is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, [[echocardiography]], and [[cardiac catheterization]]. Treatment typically involves surgical repair to correct the defects. This can often result in a significant improvement in symptoms and quality of life.
+[[File:Right_Ventricular_hypertrophy.svg|thumb|right|Diagram of right ventricular hypertrophy]]
+Right ventricular hypertrophy refers to the thickening of the muscular walls of the right ventricle. This occurs as a compensatory mechanism in response to the increased pressure required to overcome the obstruction caused by pulmonary valve stenosis.
-== See Also ==
+===Atrial Septal Defect===
+An [[atrial septal defect]] (ASD) is a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two upper chambers of the heart (atria). This defect allows oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the right atrium, potentially leading to increased blood flow to the lungs and further strain on the right side of the heart.
+==Diagnosis==
+The diagnosis of Trilogy of Fallot is typically made through a combination of physical examination, [[echocardiography]], and other imaging techniques such as [[cardiac MRI]] or [[CT scan]]. A heart murmur is often detected during a physical exam, prompting further investigation.
+==Treatment==
+Treatment for Trilogy of Fallot usually involves surgical intervention to correct the defects. This may include procedures to relieve the pulmonary stenosis, repair the atrial septal defect, and address any associated anomalies. In some cases, a [[balloon valvuloplasty]] may be performed to widen the pulmonary valve.
+==Prognosis==
+With appropriate surgical treatment, individuals with Trilogy of Fallot can lead relatively normal lives. However, they require regular follow-up with a cardiologist to monitor heart function and detect any potential complications.
+==Related pages==
 * [[Tetralogy of Fallot]]
 * [[Congenital heart defect]]
 * [[Pulmonary valve stenosis]]
-* [[Ventricular septal defect]]
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
+[[Category:Congenital heart defects]]
 [[Category:Cardiology]]
-[[Category:Congenital heart defects]]
-[[Category:Medical conditions]]
-{{stub}}
-== References ==
-<references />
-== External Links ==
-* [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tetralogy-of-fallot/symptoms-causes/syc-20353477 Mayo Clinic - Tetralogy of Fallot]
-* [https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/congenital-heart-defects/about-congenital-heart-defects/ventricular-septal-defect-vsd American Heart Association - Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)]