Tuberomammillary nucleus: Difference between revisions

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'''TranSMART''' is a global, open-source, community-driven knowledge management platform for scientists to share pre-competitive translational research data. It is a cloud-based platform that enables scientists to develop and refine research hypotheses by investigating correlations between genetic and phenotypic data, and assessing their analytical results in the context of published literature and other work.
{{Short description|A region of the brain involved in arousal and wakefulness}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}


The platform was originally developed by [[Johnson & Johnson]] and later donated to the public domain. It is now managed by the TranSMART Foundation, a non-profit organization that aims to provide a high-quality, high-value informatics-based environment for translational research.
The '''tuberomammillary nucleus''' (TMN) is a region of the brain located within the posterior hypothalamus. It is primarily composed of histaminergic neurons and plays a crucial role in regulating arousal, wakefulness, and various other physiological functions.


== History ==
==Structure==
The tuberomammillary nucleus is situated in the posterior part of the [[hypothalamus]], near the [[mammillary bodies]]. It is divided into several subregions, which include the medial, ventral, and diffuse parts. The TMN is the sole source of histamine in the brain, and its neurons project widely throughout the central nervous system.


TranSMART was initially developed by [[Johnson & Johnson]] for internal use. In 2012, the company decided to donate the platform to the public domain to foster collaboration and data sharing in the scientific community. The TranSMART Foundation was established to manage and further develop the platform.
==Function==
The primary function of the tuberomammillary nucleus is to promote wakefulness and alertness. The histaminergic neurons of the TMN release [[histamine]], which acts as a neurotransmitter to modulate the activity of other brain regions involved in arousal, such as the [[cortex]], [[thalamus]], and [[brainstem]].


== Features ==
Histamine released from the TMN also influences other physiological processes, including the regulation of the [[sleep-wake cycle]], [[appetite]], and [[thermoregulation]]. The activity of the TMN is highest during periods of wakefulness and decreases during sleep.


TranSMART allows users to store, share, and analyze [[genomic]], [[transcriptomic]], [[proteomic]], [[metabolomic]], and [[clinical]] data. It also provides tools for [[data mining]], [[machine learning]], and [[visualization]] of complex data sets.
==Clinical significance==
Dysfunction of the tuberomammillary nucleus has been implicated in various sleep disorders, such as [[narcolepsy]] and [[insomnia]]. Additionally, alterations in histaminergic signaling from the TMN may contribute to the pathophysiology of [[neurodegenerative diseases]] like [[Alzheimer's disease]] and [[Parkinson's disease]].


The platform supports a wide range of data types, including [[DNA sequencing]], [[gene expression]], [[protein expression]], [[metabolite profiling]], and [[clinical]] data. It also supports a variety of data formats, including [[CSV]], [[TSV]], [[FASTA]], [[VCF]], and [[BAM]].
==Research==
Research on the tuberomammillary nucleus has focused on its role in sleep regulation and its potential as a target for pharmacological interventions. Studies have explored the effects of histamine receptor antagonists and agonists on sleep patterns and arousal states.


== Applications ==
==Related pages==
* [[Hypothalamus]]
* [[Histamine]]
* [[Sleep-wake cycle]]


TranSMART is used by researchers in a variety of fields, including [[genomics]], [[proteomics]], [[metabolomics]], [[epidemiology]], and [[clinical research]]. It is also used by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies for drug discovery and development.
==References==
{{Reflist}}


== See also ==
[[Category:Hypothalamus]]
[[Category:Neuroanatomy]]
[[Category:Sleep physiology]]


* [[Bioinformatics]]
[[File:Mouse Tuberomammillary nucleus.pdf|thumb|right|Diagram of the mouse tuberomammillary nucleus]]
* [[Translational research]]
* [[Data sharing]]
* [[Open science]]
 
== References ==
 
<references />
 
[[Category:Bioinformatics]]
[[Category:Data sharing]]
[[Category:Open science]]
[[Category:Translational research]]
 
{{stub}}

Latest revision as of 16:11, 9 February 2025

A region of the brain involved in arousal and wakefulness



The tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) is a region of the brain located within the posterior hypothalamus. It is primarily composed of histaminergic neurons and plays a crucial role in regulating arousal, wakefulness, and various other physiological functions.

Structure[edit]

The tuberomammillary nucleus is situated in the posterior part of the hypothalamus, near the mammillary bodies. It is divided into several subregions, which include the medial, ventral, and diffuse parts. The TMN is the sole source of histamine in the brain, and its neurons project widely throughout the central nervous system.

Function[edit]

The primary function of the tuberomammillary nucleus is to promote wakefulness and alertness. The histaminergic neurons of the TMN release histamine, which acts as a neurotransmitter to modulate the activity of other brain regions involved in arousal, such as the cortex, thalamus, and brainstem.

Histamine released from the TMN also influences other physiological processes, including the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle, appetite, and thermoregulation. The activity of the TMN is highest during periods of wakefulness and decreases during sleep.

Clinical significance[edit]

Dysfunction of the tuberomammillary nucleus has been implicated in various sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy and insomnia. Additionally, alterations in histaminergic signaling from the TMN may contribute to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Research[edit]

Research on the tuberomammillary nucleus has focused on its role in sleep regulation and its potential as a target for pharmacological interventions. Studies have explored the effects of histamine receptor antagonists and agonists on sleep patterns and arousal states.

Related pages[edit]

References[edit]

<references group="" responsive="1"></references>

File:Mouse Tuberomammillary nucleus.pdf

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