Gold

File:Gold Ring.jpg

Gold Ring

Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from Latin: aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements and is solid under standard conditions.

File:Gold bullion bars.jpg

Gold bullion bars

Characteristics

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Gold and Silver Coins

Gold is the most malleable of all metals. It can be drawn into a monoatomic wire, and then stretched about twice before it breaks. Such nanowires distort via formation, reorientation and migration of dislocations and crystal twins without noticeable hardening.

Occurrence

Gold is thought to have been produced in supernova nucleosynthesis, and from the collision of neutron stars, and to have been present in the dust from which the Solar System formed.

History

The history of gold is long connected with money, but gold relinquished this role in developed economies after the outbreak of the Second World War. At the end of the war, the Bretton Woods monetary system, a regime of fixed exchange rates, was created. This system broke down in 1971 when the US unilaterally ended its gold standard, which set the convertibility of gold and the dollar to $35 per ounce.

Applications

Gold has a wide range of uses in the modern world. It is used in jewelry, electronics, and for other industrial uses. In medicine, gold has some uses as well, such as in the treatment of a condition called rheumatoid arthritis.

Health effects

Gold has a reputation of being non-toxic. However, some gold salts can cause a condition called gold poisoning, and there is some evidence to suggest that colloidal gold can cause similar effects if overused.

Gallery of Gold Images

• A curated collection of gold-related images.
• Native gold from Venezuela, featuring a natural nugget formation.
  Native gold from Venezuela, featuring a natural nugget formation.
• Gold nugget displayed at the National Museum of Natural History (USA), approximately 6 inches long.
  Gold nugget displayed at the National Museum of Natural History (USA), approximately 6 inches long.
• Crystalline gold showcased at the Natural History Museum, London.
  Crystalline gold showcased at the Natural History Museum, London.
• 
  Calaverite and native gold from Western Australia.
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  Pouring liquid gold during a smelting process.
• An aerial view of a gold quarry in Arizona.
  An aerial view of a gold quarry in Arizona.
• Gold medallion jewelry in an artistic display.
  Gold medallion jewelry in an artistic display.
• The Tesoro del Carambolo, an ancient gold treasure trove.
  The Tesoro del Carambolo, an ancient gold treasure trove.
• The Holy Roman Empire crown, a symbol of imperial authority.
  The Holy Roman Empire crown, a symbol of imperial authority.
• The 1933 Double Eagle, one of the most famous and rare U.S. gold coins.
  The 1933 Double Eagle, one of the most famous and rare U.S. gold coins.

See also

• Chemical element
• Transition metal
• Supernova nucleosynthesis
• Bretton Woods monetary system
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Gold poisoning

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