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[[File:Langmuir-sitting.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Irving Langmuir and Guglielmo Marconi in lab.jpg|thumb]] [[File:General electric pliotron pp schenectady 3.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Langmuirtime.jpeg|thumb]] {{Infobox scientist
 
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Irving Langmuir
| name = Irving Langmuir
| image = Irving Langmuir.jpg
| image = Irving Langmuir.jpg
| caption = Irving Langmuir, American chemist and physicist
| caption = Irving Langmuir
| birth_date = [[January 31]], [[1881]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1881|1|31}}
| birth_place = [[Brooklyn]], [[New York]], [[United States]]
| birth_place = Brooklyn, New York, USA
| death_date = [[August 16]], [[1957]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1957|8|16|1881|1|31}}
| death_place = [[Falmouth]], [[Massachusetts]], [[United States]]
| death_place = Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| nationality = [[American]]
| nationality = American
| fields = [[Chemistry]], [[Physics]]
| field = [[Chemistry]]
| institutions = [[General Electric]]
| work_institution = [[General Electric]]
| alma_mater = [[Columbia University]], [[University of Göttingen]]
| alma_mater = [[Columbia University]], [[Göttingen University]]
| known_for = [[Surface chemistry]], [[Langmuir isotherm]], [[Langmuir waves]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[Walther Nernst]]
| awards = [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (1932)
| known_for = [[Surface chemistry]], [[Langmuir isotherm]], [[Langmuir-Blodgett film]]
| prizes = [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (1932)
}}
}}


'''Irving Langmuir''' ([[January 31]], [[1881]] – [[August 16]], [[1957]]) was an American chemist and physicist who made significant contributions to the field of [[surface chemistry]]. He was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1932 for his work in surface chemistry, particularly for his investigations of [[adsorption]] phenomena.
'''Irving Langmuir''' (January 31, 1881 – August 16, 1957) was an American [[chemist]] and [[physicist]] who made significant contributions to the field of [[surface chemistry]]. He was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1932 for his work in this area.


== Early Life and Education ==
== Early Life and Education ==
Langmuir was born in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York]], and was the third of four sons of Charles Langmuir and Sadie Comings. He attended [[Columbia University]], where he earned his Bachelor of Science degree in [[metallurgical engineering]] in 1903. He then pursued further studies at the [[University of Göttingen]] in Germany, where he received his Ph.D. in 1906 under the supervision of [[Walther Nernst]].
Langmuir was born in [[Brooklyn]], New York, and was the third of four sons of Charles Langmuir and Sadie Comings. He attended [[Columbia University]], where he earned his Bachelor of Science degree in [[metallurgical engineering]] in 1903. He then went on to study under [[Walther Nernst]] at the [[University of Göttingen]], where he received his Ph.D. in 1906.
 
== Career and Research ==
Langmuir joined the [[General Electric]] Research Laboratory in [[Schenectady]], [[New York]], in 1909, where he spent the majority of his career. His research at General Electric led to numerous innovations and discoveries.
 
=== Surface Chemistry ===
Langmuir's most notable work was in the field of [[surface chemistry]]. He developed the concept of the [[Langmuir isotherm]], which describes the adsorption of molecules on solid surfaces. This work laid the foundation for the modern understanding of [[catalysis]] and [[surface reactions]].


=== Plasma Physics ===
== Career ==
Langmuir also made significant contributions to [[plasma physics]]. He introduced the term "[[plasma]]" to describe ionized gases and studied [[Langmuir waves]], which are oscillations in the electron density of a plasma.
Langmuir joined the [[General Electric]] Research Laboratory in 1909, where he worked for the rest of his career. His research focused on [[surface chemistry]], and he is best known for his development of the [[Langmuir isotherm]], which describes the adsorption of molecules on solid surfaces. He also worked on [[atomic hydrogen welding]] and [[plasma physics]].


=== Other Contributions ===
== Contributions to Science ==
Langmuir's work extended to various other fields, including [[thermodynamics]], [[chemical kinetics]], and [[cloud seeding]]. He was involved in the development of the [[tungsten]] filament for light bulbs, which greatly improved their efficiency and lifespan.
Langmuir's work on [[surface chemistry]] led to the development of the [[Langmuir-Blodgett film]], a method for creating monolayers of material on a liquid surface. This technique has applications in [[nanotechnology]] and [[materials science]].


== Awards and Honors ==
He also made significant contributions to the understanding of [[catalysis]] and [[chemical reactions]] on surfaces. His work laid the foundation for modern [[surface science]].
In addition to the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1932, Langmuir received numerous other awards and honors throughout his career. He was elected to the [[National Academy of Sciences]] and was a member of several other prestigious scientific organizations.


== Personal Life ==
== Personal Life ==
Langmuir married Marion Mersereau in 1912, and they had two children. He was known for his curiosity and enthusiasm for science, as well as his ability to communicate complex ideas clearly.
Langmuir married Marion Mersereau in 1912, and they had two children. He was known for his love of the outdoors and spent much of his free time hiking and skiing.


== Legacy ==
== Legacy ==
Langmuir's work has had a lasting impact on the fields of [[chemistry]] and [[physics]]. The [[Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research]] in [[New Mexico]] is named in his honor, reflecting his contributions to the study of [[atmospheric phenomena]].
Langmuir's contributions to [[chemistry]] and [[physics]] have had a lasting impact on the field. The [[Langmuir equation]] and [[Langmuir-Blodgett film]] are named in his honor, and his work continues to influence research in [[surface science]] and [[nanotechnology]].


== Also see ==
== See Also ==
* [[Surface chemistry]]
* [[Surface chemistry]]
* [[Langmuir isotherm]]
* [[Langmuir isotherm]]
* [[Plasma physics]]
* [[Langmuir-Blodgett film]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]]
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]]
* [[General Electric]]


{{Nobel laureates in Chemistry 1931–1950}}
== References ==
* {{Cite book |last=Langmuir |first=Irving |title=Collected Works of Irving Langmuir |publisher=Pergamon Press |year=1960}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=John |title=The Legacy of Irving Langmuir |journal=Journal of Surface Science |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=123-130 |year=1985}}
 
== External Links ==
* [https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1932/langmuir/biographical/ Nobel Prize Biography]


[[Category:1881 births]]
[[Category:1881 births]]

Revision as of 04:25, 29 December 2024


Irving Langmuir

Irving Langmuir






Birth date1881-01-31
Birth placeBrooklyn, New York, USA
DiedAugust 16, 1957(1957-08-16) (aged 76)
Place of deathWoods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
NationalityAmerican
Known forSurface chemistry, Langmuir isotherm, Langmuir-Blodgett film


Irving Langmuir (January 31, 1881 – August 16, 1957) was an American chemist and physicist who made significant contributions to the field of surface chemistry. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1932 for his work in this area.

Early Life and Education

Langmuir was born in Brooklyn, New York, and was the third of four sons of Charles Langmuir and Sadie Comings. He attended Columbia University, where he earned his Bachelor of Science degree in metallurgical engineering in 1903. He then went on to study under Walther Nernst at the University of Göttingen, where he received his Ph.D. in 1906.

Career

Langmuir joined the General Electric Research Laboratory in 1909, where he worked for the rest of his career. His research focused on surface chemistry, and he is best known for his development of the Langmuir isotherm, which describes the adsorption of molecules on solid surfaces. He also worked on atomic hydrogen welding and plasma physics.

Contributions to Science

Langmuir's work on surface chemistry led to the development of the Langmuir-Blodgett film, a method for creating monolayers of material on a liquid surface. This technique has applications in nanotechnology and materials science.

He also made significant contributions to the understanding of catalysis and chemical reactions on surfaces. His work laid the foundation for modern surface science.

Personal Life

Langmuir married Marion Mersereau in 1912, and they had two children. He was known for his love of the outdoors and spent much of his free time hiking and skiing.

Legacy

Langmuir's contributions to chemistry and physics have had a lasting impact on the field. The Langmuir equation and Langmuir-Blodgett film are named in his honor, and his work continues to influence research in surface science and nanotechnology.

See Also

References

  • Irving,
 Collected Works of Irving Langmuir, 
  
 Pergamon Press, 
 1960,
  • Smith, John,
 The Legacy of Irving Langmuir, 
 Journal of Surface Science, 
 1985,
 Vol. 12(Issue: 3),
 pp. 123-130,

External Links

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