ATC code H05: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 06:33, 11 December 2024

ATC Code H05

The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System is a system used for the classification of drugs and other medical products. The ATC code H05 is designated for "Calcium homeostasis" agents, which are primarily involved in the regulation of calcium levels in the body. This category includes drugs that are used to treat conditions related to calcium metabolism, such as osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia.

Classification[edit]

The ATC code H05 is divided into several subcategories, each representing a different type of agent involved in calcium homeostasis:

H05A - Parathyroid hormones and analogues: This group includes drugs that mimic the action of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is crucial for maintaining calcium balance in the body. These agents are often used in the treatment of osteoporosis and other conditions where bone density is compromised.

H05B - Anti-parathyroid agents: These drugs are used to counteract the effects of excessive parathyroid hormone, which can lead to conditions such as hypercalcemia. They are often used in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

1. 1. Parathyroid Hormones and Analogues (H05A)

Parathyroid hormones and their analogues work by stimulating osteoclasts, which are cells that break down bone tissue, releasing calcium into the bloodstream. This process helps to increase blood calcium levels. These agents also promote the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys and increase the production of active vitamin D, which enhances calcium absorption from the gut.

1. 1. Anti-parathyroid Agents (H05B)

Anti-parathyroid agents work by inhibiting the secretion or action of parathyroid hormone. This can help to reduce blood calcium levels in conditions where they are abnormally high, such as in primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Some of these agents may act directly on the parathyroid glands, while others may work by mimicking calcium, thereby reducing PTH secretion.

Clinical Uses[edit]

1. 1. Osteoporosis

Drugs in the H05A category, such as teriparatide, are used in the treatment of osteoporosis, particularly in postmenopausal women and men at high risk of fractures. These agents help to increase bone mass and strength, reducing the risk of fractures.

1. 1. Hyperparathyroidism

Anti-parathyroid agents are used to manage hyperparathyroidism, a condition characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone. This can occur in primary hyperparathyroidism, often due to a benign tumor of the parathyroid gland, or secondary hyperparathyroidism, which is commonly associated with chronic kidney disease.

Side Effects[edit]

1. 1. Parathyroid Hormones and Analogues

Common side effects of parathyroid hormone analogues include nausea, joint pain, and dizziness. Long-term use may increase the risk of osteosarcoma, a rare bone cancer, which is why their use is typically limited to a maximum of two years.

1. 1. Anti-parathyroid Agents

Side effects of anti-parathyroid agents can include hypocalcemia, which may cause symptoms such as muscle cramps, tingling, and seizures. Monitoring of calcium levels is essential during treatment.

Also see[edit]

Template:ATC codes

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<br>== ATC Code H05: Calcium Homeostasis Agents ==
+ATC Code H05
-The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System is a system used for the classification of drugs and other medical products. The ATC code H05 is designated for agents that affect calcium homeostasis, which is crucial for maintaining various physiological processes in the human body.
+The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System is a system used for the classification of drugs and other medical products. The ATC code H05 is designated for "Calcium homeostasis" agents, which are primarily involved in the regulation of calcium levels in the body. This category includes drugs that are used to treat conditions related to calcium metabolism, such as osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia.
-=== Overview ===
+== Classification ==
+The ATC code H05 is divided into several subcategories, each representing a different type of agent involved in calcium homeostasis:
-Calcium homeostasis is the regulation of calcium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid. This process is vital for many bodily functions, including bone formation, blood coagulation, muscle contraction, and nerve function. The ATC code H05 encompasses drugs that are used to manage disorders related to calcium metabolism.
+* '''H05A - Parathyroid hormones and analogues''': This group includes drugs that mimic the action of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is crucial for maintaining calcium balance in the body. These agents are often used in the treatment of osteoporosis and other conditions where bone density is compromised.
-=== Subgroups ===
+* '''H05B - Anti-parathyroid agents''': These drugs are used to counteract the effects of excessive parathyroid hormone, which can lead to conditions such as hypercalcemia. They are often used in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism.
-The ATC code H05 is divided into the following subgroups:
+== Mechanism of Action ==
-* '''H05A: Parathyroid Hormones and Analogues'''
+### Parathyroid Hormones and Analogues (H05A)
-* '''H05B: Anti-parathyroid Agents'''
+Parathyroid hormones and their analogues work by stimulating osteoclasts, which are cells that break down bone tissue, releasing calcium into the bloodstream. This process helps to increase blood calcium levels. These agents also promote the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys and increase the production of active vitamin D, which enhances calcium absorption from the gut.
-Each subgroup contains specific agents that are used to either supplement or inhibit the action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and related pathways.
+### Anti-parathyroid Agents (H05B)
+Anti-parathyroid agents work by inhibiting the secretion or action of parathyroid hormone. This can help to reduce blood calcium levels in conditions where they are abnormally high, such as in primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Some of these agents may act directly on the parathyroid glands, while others may work by mimicking calcium, thereby reducing PTH secretion.
-==== H05A: Parathyroid Hormones and Analogues ====
+== Clinical Uses ==
-Parathyroid hormones and their analogues are used primarily in the treatment of conditions such as hypoparathyroidism and osteoporosis. These agents help to increase serum calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity, increasing renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and enhancing intestinal absorption of calcium.
+### Osteoporosis
+Drugs in the H05A category, such as teriparatide, are used in the treatment of osteoporosis, particularly in postmenopausal women and men at high risk of fractures. These agents help to increase bone mass and strength, reducing the risk of fractures.
-* '''Teriparatide (H05AA02)''': A recombinant form of parathyroid hormone used in the treatment of osteoporosis. It stimulates new bone formation by increasing the number and activity of osteoblasts.
+### Hyperparathyroidism
+Anti-parathyroid agents are used to manage hyperparathyroidism, a condition characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone. This can occur in primary hyperparathyroidism, often due to a benign tumor of the parathyroid gland, or secondary hyperparathyroidism, which is commonly associated with chronic kidney disease.
-* '''Parathyroid hormone (H05AA01)''': Used in the management of hypoparathyroidism to maintain calcium and phosphate balance.
+== Side Effects ==
-==== H05B: Anti-parathyroid Agents ====
+### Parathyroid Hormones and Analogues
+Common side effects of parathyroid hormone analogues include nausea, joint pain, and dizziness. Long-term use may increase the risk of osteosarcoma, a rare bone cancer, which is why their use is typically limited to a maximum of two years.
-Anti-parathyroid agents are used to manage conditions characterized by excessive parathyroid hormone activity, such as hyperparathyroidism. These agents work by reducing the secretion or action of parathyroid hormone.
+### Anti-parathyroid Agents
+Side effects of anti-parathyroid agents can include hypocalcemia, which may cause symptoms such as muscle cramps, tingling, and seizures. Monitoring of calcium levels is essential during treatment.
-* '''Cinacalcet (H05BX01)''': A calcimimetic agent that increases the sensitivity of the calcium-sensing receptors on the parathyroid gland, thereby reducing PTH secretion. It is used in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease and in the management of parathyroid carcinoma.
+== Also see ==
+* [[Osteoporosis]]
+* [[Hyperparathyroidism]]
+* [[Calcium metabolism]]
+* [[Vitamin D]]
-=== Clinical Applications ===
+{{ATC codes}}
-The agents classified under ATC code H05 are used in various clinical scenarios:
-* '''Hypoparathyroidism''': Characterized by low levels of parathyroid hormone, leading to hypocalcemia. Parathyroid hormone analogues are used to manage this condition.
-* '''Osteoporosis''': A condition of weakened bones, often treated with teriparatide to stimulate bone formation.
-* '''Hyperparathyroidism''': Excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone, often managed with cinacalcet to reduce PTH levels and control hypercalcemia.
-=== Conclusion ===
-ATC code H05 encompasses a range of pharmacological agents that play a critical role in the management of calcium homeostasis disorders. Understanding the mechanisms and clinical applications of these agents is essential for healthcare professionals in providing effective treatment for conditions related to calcium metabolism.
-=== References ===
-* World Health Organization. (2023). ATC/DDD Index 2023. Retrieved from [WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology](https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/)
-* National Institutes of Health. (2023). Calcium and Bone Disorders. Retrieved from [NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center](https://www.bones.nih.gov/health-info/bone)
 [[Category:ATC codes]]
-[[Category:Calcium homeostasis]]
 [[Category:Endocrinology]]
+[[Category:Pharmacology]]