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'''Magic''' refers to the use of rituals, symbols, actions, gestures, and language with the aim of exploiting supernatural forces. The term is also used to describe a type of stage performance involving illusion and tricks of the eye, often involving the apparent defiance of natural laws.  
'''Magic''' refers to the practice of harnessing supernatural or hidden powers to influence events, involving rituals, symbols, actions, gestures, and language. Magic has been a part of human culture since ancient times, appearing in various forms across different cultures and historical periods.


==Etymology==
==Definition and Etymology==
The term "magic" comes from the [[Old Persian]] word ''magu'', a word that applied to a form of religious functionary about which little is known. During the late sixth and early fifth centuries BCE, this term was adopted into [[Ancient Greek]], where it was used with negative connotations, to apply to religious rites that were regarded as fraudulent, unconventional, and dangerous.
The term "magic" derives from the Old Persian word ''maguš'', which referred to a member of a priestly caste. Over time, the concept of magic has evolved and expanded, often including elements of the [[occult]], [[alchemy]], and spiritualism. In many cultures, magic is deeply intertwined with religious practices and beliefs.


==Concepts of Magic in Anthropology==
==Types of Magic==
In [[Anthropology]], magic is often seen as one aspect of religion. [[Bronisław Malinowski]]'s Magic, Science and Religion (1954) highlights a series of case studies in the use of magic as a social force among the [[Trobriand Islanders]]. In this context, Malinowski draws a distinction between the magic of savages and the magic of civilized peoples, arguing that the latter is more intellectual and more complex.
Magic can be broadly categorized into several types, including:


==Magic in History==
* '''[[Ceremonial Magic]]''': This form of magic involves complex rituals and ceremonies to invoke supernatural powers or communicate with spiritual entities.
Throughout history, there have been examples of individuals who have practiced magic and been revered as magicians. These range from the [[shamans]] of indigenous cultures who heal and divine in the spirit world, to the [[alchemists]] of the Middle Ages who attempted to discover the secrets of creation and the elixir of life.
* '''[[Natural Magic]]''': Based on the natural properties of the world, this type of magic uses herbs, stones, and natural elements to produce effects.
* '''[[Divination]]''': The practice of using magic to gain insight into future events or hidden knowledge.
* '''[[Witchcraft]]''': Often associated with the use of magic for personal gain or harm, historically, witchcraft has been subject to significant stigma and persecution.


==Magic in Modern Times==
==Cultural Perspectives==
In modern times, magic has taken on many forms. Stage magic is a performing art that entertains audiences by staging tricks or creating illusions of seemingly impossible or supernatural feats. These feats are called magic tricks, effects, or illusions. Some modern magicians, such as [[Harry Houdini]] and [[David Copperfield]], have become famous worldwide.
Different cultures have various perspectives on magic. In some societies, magic is seen as a legitimate part of spiritual life. For example, in many [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous cultures]], shamans play a crucial role in the community by using magic for healing and guidance. In contrast, other societies may view magic with suspicion or as inherently evil, often leading to conflicts and witch hunts.
 
===Western Magic===
In the [[Western world]], magic was a central subject during the [[Renaissance]] when scholars sought to rediscover ancient knowledge. This period saw the flourishing of [[Hermeticism]] and the [[Kabbalah]], which influenced the practice of Western magic.
 
===Magic in Modern Times===
In contemporary times, magic has often been relegated to the realm of entertainment, with magicians performing feats of illusion for audiences. However, in some new religious movements, such as [[Wicca]] and [[Neopaganism]], magic remains a significant practice.


==Magic in Popular Culture==
==Magic in Popular Culture==
Magic is a common theme in [[fantasy]] literature and media, such as the ''[[Harry Potter]]'' series by [[J.K. Rowling]], where it is used as a plot device and a symbol of otherness and power.
Magic has been a popular theme in literature and media, portrayed in various forms in novels, films, and television shows. Notable examples include the ''[[Harry Potter (series)|Harry Potter series]]'' by [[J.K. Rowling]], which has had a profound impact on popular culture's view of magic.
 
==Controversies and Criticism==
Magic has often been the subject of skepticism and criticism, particularly from scientific and religious communities. The scientific community typically views magical practices as superstition, lacking empirical evidence. Meanwhile, some religious groups condemn magic as immoral or demonic.


==See Also==
==See Also==
* [[Witchcraft]]
* [[Alchemy]]
* [[Occult]]
* [[Occult]]
* [[Supernatural]]
* [[Supernatural]]
* [[Paranormal]]
* [[Witchcraft]]
* [[Illusion]]


[[Category:Magic]]
[[Category:Magic]]
[[Category:Supernatural]]
[[Category:Religious Practices]]
[[Category:Paranormal]]
[[Category:Cultural Anthropology]]
[[Category:Fantasy]]
{{culture-stub}}
{{Magic}}
{{Supernatural}}
{{Paranormal}}
{{Fantasy}}
{{Anthropology-stub}}

Latest revision as of 14:58, 13 August 2024

Magic refers to the practice of harnessing supernatural or hidden powers to influence events, involving rituals, symbols, actions, gestures, and language. Magic has been a part of human culture since ancient times, appearing in various forms across different cultures and historical periods.

Definition and Etymology[edit]

The term "magic" derives from the Old Persian word maguš, which referred to a member of a priestly caste. Over time, the concept of magic has evolved and expanded, often including elements of the occult, alchemy, and spiritualism. In many cultures, magic is deeply intertwined with religious practices and beliefs.

Types of Magic[edit]

Magic can be broadly categorized into several types, including:

  • Ceremonial Magic: This form of magic involves complex rituals and ceremonies to invoke supernatural powers or communicate with spiritual entities.
  • Natural Magic: Based on the natural properties of the world, this type of magic uses herbs, stones, and natural elements to produce effects.
  • Divination: The practice of using magic to gain insight into future events or hidden knowledge.
  • Witchcraft: Often associated with the use of magic for personal gain or harm, historically, witchcraft has been subject to significant stigma and persecution.

Cultural Perspectives[edit]

Different cultures have various perspectives on magic. In some societies, magic is seen as a legitimate part of spiritual life. For example, in many indigenous cultures, shamans play a crucial role in the community by using magic for healing and guidance. In contrast, other societies may view magic with suspicion or as inherently evil, often leading to conflicts and witch hunts.

Western Magic[edit]

In the Western world, magic was a central subject during the Renaissance when scholars sought to rediscover ancient knowledge. This period saw the flourishing of Hermeticism and the Kabbalah, which influenced the practice of Western magic.

Magic in Modern Times[edit]

In contemporary times, magic has often been relegated to the realm of entertainment, with magicians performing feats of illusion for audiences. However, in some new religious movements, such as Wicca and Neopaganism, magic remains a significant practice.

Magic in Popular Culture[edit]

Magic has been a popular theme in literature and media, portrayed in various forms in novels, films, and television shows. Notable examples include the Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling, which has had a profound impact on popular culture's view of magic.

Controversies and Criticism[edit]

Magic has often been the subject of skepticism and criticism, particularly from scientific and religious communities. The scientific community typically views magical practices as superstition, lacking empirical evidence. Meanwhile, some religious groups condemn magic as immoral or demonic.

See Also[edit]

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