Chiasmatic cistern

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The Chiasmatic cistern is a subarachnoid cistern located at the base of the brain. It is one of several cisterns in the brain, which are part of the subarachnoid space that contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This particular cistern is named for its location around the optic chiasm, the part of the brain where the optic nerves (CN II) partially cross.

Anatomy

The chiasmatic cistern is situated anterior to the pituitary gland and inferior to the optic chiasm. It is bounded by the diencephalon on the superior side and the sphenoid bone of the skull on the inferior side. The cistern extends laterally towards the cavernous sinuses, which are located on either side of the pituitary gland.

Function

The primary function of the chiasmatic cistern, like other subarachnoid cisterns, is to act as a reservoir for cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid plays a crucial role in cushioning and protecting the brain, as well as in the removal of metabolic waste. The CSF also facilitates the distribution of neurochemicals across the brain.

Clinical Significance

The chiasmatic cistern is of particular interest in neurosurgery and neurology due to its proximity to critical structures such as the optic chiasm and the pituitary gland. Pathologies in this area, such as pituitary adenomas, meningiomas, or aneurysms, can affect the CSF flow or impinge on the optic pathways, potentially leading to visual disturbances or other neurological deficits.

See Also

• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Optic chiasm
• Subarachnoid space
• Pituitary gland