Keratoderma

Keratoderma is a medical condition characterized by the thickening of the skin on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. This condition can be either inherited or acquired. The inherited form is known as hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma (HPPK), while the acquired form is often associated with other medical conditions or environmental factors.

Types

There are several types of keratoderma, including:

• Diffuse epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma: This is a rare type of HPPK that is usually present at birth. It is characterized by widespread, symmetric thickening of the skin on the palms and soles.

• Focal palmoplantar keratoderma: This type of HPPK is characterized by thickened skin on certain areas of the palms and soles. It is usually present at birth or develops in early childhood.

• Punctate keratoderma: This type of HPPK is characterized by tiny "pinprick" calluses on the palms and soles. It usually develops in adolescence or early adulthood.

Symptoms

The main symptom of keratoderma is thickened skin on the palms and soles. This can cause discomfort, pain, and difficulty walking or using the hands. Other symptoms can include:

• Redness
• Cracking of the skin
• Increased sweating
• Blisters

Causes

Keratoderma can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Genetic mutations: These can cause HPPK.
• Environmental factors: These can cause acquired keratoderma. Examples include exposure to certain chemicals or chronic friction on the skin.
• Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as psoriasis, eczema, and skin cancer, can cause acquired keratoderma.

Treatment

Treatment for keratoderma depends on the underlying cause. It can include:

• Topical treatments: These can help to reduce the thickness of the skin.
• Oral medications: These can help to slow the production of skin cells.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be needed to remove the thickened skin.

See also

• Dermatology
• Skin disease
• Genetic disorder

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