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Revision as of 00:52, 20 February 2025
Radiosensitizers are a type of drug that make tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. They are used in combination with radiation therapy to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment.
Mechanism of Action
Radiosensitizers work by targeting the DNA of cancer cells, making them more susceptible to the damage caused by radiation. They can also inhibit the repair of DNA damage caused by radiation, leading to increased cell death. Some radiosensitizers, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin, are also chemotherapy drugs.
Types of Radiosensitizers
There are several types of radiosensitizers, including:
- Hypoxic cell radiosensitizers: These drugs are designed to target cells in low-oxygen conditions, which are often resistant to radiation. Examples include misonidazole and nimorazole.
- Halogenated pyrimidines: These drugs are incorporated into the DNA of cancer cells, making them more susceptible to radiation. Examples include 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU).
- Nitroimidazoles: These drugs work by mimicking the conditions of low oxygen, making cells more susceptible to radiation. Examples include misonidazole and nimorazole.
Clinical Use
Radiosensitizers are used in the treatment of various types of cancer, including head and neck cancer, lung cancer, and rectal cancer. They are typically administered before radiation therapy.
Side Effects
Like all drugs, radiosensitizers can have side effects. These can include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. More serious side effects can include low blood counts, infection, and bleeding.
