Trilogy of Fallot: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Trilogy of Fallot | |||
| image = [[File:Pulmonary_valve_stenosis.svg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Diagram showing pulmonary valve stenosis, one of the components of Trilogy of Fallot | |||
| field = [[Cardiology]] | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| symptoms = [[Cyanosis]], [[dyspnea]], [[fatigue]] | |||
| complications = [[Heart failure]], [[arrhythmia]] | |||
| onset = [[Infancy]] | |||
| duration = [[Chronic]] | |||
| types = | |||
| causes = [[Congenital heart defect]] | |||
| risks = [[Genetic factors]], [[maternal diabetes]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Echocardiogram]], [[chest X-ray]], [[cardiac MRI]] | |||
| differential = [[Tetralogy of Fallot]], [[ventricular septal defect]] | |||
| prevention = | |||
| treatment = [[Surgical repair]], [[medication]] | |||
| medication = [[Beta blockers]], [[diuretics]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on severity and treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
| deaths = | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Right_Ventricular_hypertrophy.svg|left ventricular hypertrophy|thumb|left]] | |||
{{Short description|Congenital heart defect}} | {{Short description|Congenital heart defect}} | ||
'''Trilogy of Fallot''' is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by three primary cardiac anomalies: [[pulmonary valve stenosis]], [[right ventricular hypertrophy]], and an [[atrial septal defect]]. This condition is related to, but distinct from, the more well-known [[Tetralogy of Fallot]]. | '''Trilogy of Fallot''' is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by three primary cardiac anomalies: [[pulmonary valve stenosis]], [[right ventricular hypertrophy]], and an [[atrial septal defect]]. This condition is related to, but distinct from, the more well-known [[Tetralogy of Fallot]]. | ||
==Anatomy and Pathophysiology== | ==Anatomy and Pathophysiology== | ||
===Pulmonary Valve Stenosis=== | ===Pulmonary Valve Stenosis=== | ||
Pulmonary valve stenosis is a narrowing of the [[pulmonary valve]] opening, which restricts blood flow from the right ventricle to the [[pulmonary artery]]. This obstruction increases the workload on the right ventricle, leading to [[right ventricular hypertrophy]]. | Pulmonary valve stenosis is a narrowing of the [[pulmonary valve]] opening, which restricts blood flow from the right ventricle to the [[pulmonary artery]]. This obstruction increases the workload on the right ventricle, leading to [[right ventricular hypertrophy]]. | ||
===Right Ventricular Hypertrophy=== | ===Right Ventricular Hypertrophy=== | ||
[[File:Right_Ventricular_hypertrophy.svg|thumb| | [[File:Right_Ventricular_hypertrophy.svg|thumb|left|Diagram of right ventricular hypertrophy]] | ||
Right ventricular hypertrophy refers to the thickening of the muscular walls of the right ventricle. This occurs as a compensatory mechanism in response to the increased pressure required to overcome the obstruction caused by pulmonary valve stenosis. | Right ventricular hypertrophy refers to the thickening of the muscular walls of the right ventricle. This occurs as a compensatory mechanism in response to the increased pressure required to overcome the obstruction caused by pulmonary valve stenosis. | ||
===Atrial Septal Defect=== | ===Atrial Septal Defect=== | ||
An [[atrial septal defect]] (ASD) is a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two upper chambers of the heart (atria). This defect allows oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the right atrium, potentially leading to increased blood flow to the lungs and further strain on the right side of the heart. | An [[atrial septal defect]] (ASD) is a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two upper chambers of the heart (atria). This defect allows oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the right atrium, potentially leading to increased blood flow to the lungs and further strain on the right side of the heart. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of Trilogy of Fallot is typically made through a combination of physical examination, [[echocardiography]], and other imaging techniques such as [[cardiac MRI]] or [[CT scan]]. A heart murmur is often detected during a physical exam, prompting further investigation. | The diagnosis of Trilogy of Fallot is typically made through a combination of physical examination, [[echocardiography]], and other imaging techniques such as [[cardiac MRI]] or [[CT scan]]. A heart murmur is often detected during a physical exam, prompting further investigation. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for Trilogy of Fallot usually involves surgical intervention to correct the defects. This may include procedures to relieve the pulmonary stenosis, repair the atrial septal defect, and address any associated anomalies. In some cases, a [[balloon valvuloplasty]] may be performed to widen the pulmonary valve. | Treatment for Trilogy of Fallot usually involves surgical intervention to correct the defects. This may include procedures to relieve the pulmonary stenosis, repair the atrial septal defect, and address any associated anomalies. In some cases, a [[balloon valvuloplasty]] may be performed to widen the pulmonary valve. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
With appropriate surgical treatment, individuals with Trilogy of Fallot can lead relatively normal lives. However, they require regular follow-up with a cardiologist to monitor heart function and detect any potential complications. | With appropriate surgical treatment, individuals with Trilogy of Fallot can lead relatively normal lives. However, they require regular follow-up with a cardiologist to monitor heart function and detect any potential complications. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Tetralogy of Fallot]] | * [[Tetralogy of Fallot]] | ||
* [[Congenital heart defect]] | * [[Congenital heart defect]] | ||
* [[Pulmonary valve stenosis]] | * [[Pulmonary valve stenosis]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Congenital heart defects]] | [[Category:Congenital heart defects]] | ||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 06:40, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Trilogy of Fallot | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Cyanosis, dyspnea, fatigue |
| Complications | Heart failure, arrhythmia |
| Onset | Infancy |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | |
| Causes | Congenital heart defect |
| Risks | Genetic factors, maternal diabetes |
| Diagnosis | Echocardiogram, chest X-ray, cardiac MRI |
| Differential diagnosis | Tetralogy of Fallot, ventricular septal defect |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Surgical repair, medication |
| Medication | Beta blockers, diuretics |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on severity and treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | |
Congenital heart defect
Trilogy of Fallot is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by three primary cardiac anomalies: pulmonary valve stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and an atrial septal defect. This condition is related to, but distinct from, the more well-known Tetralogy of Fallot.
Anatomy and Pathophysiology[edit]
Pulmonary Valve Stenosis[edit]
Pulmonary valve stenosis is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve opening, which restricts blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. This obstruction increases the workload on the right ventricle, leading to right ventricular hypertrophy.
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy[edit]
Right ventricular hypertrophy refers to the thickening of the muscular walls of the right ventricle. This occurs as a compensatory mechanism in response to the increased pressure required to overcome the obstruction caused by pulmonary valve stenosis.
Atrial Septal Defect[edit]
An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the wall (septum) that separates the two upper chambers of the heart (atria). This defect allows oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium to mix with oxygen-poor blood in the right atrium, potentially leading to increased blood flow to the lungs and further strain on the right side of the heart.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of Trilogy of Fallot is typically made through a combination of physical examination, echocardiography, and other imaging techniques such as cardiac MRI or CT scan. A heart murmur is often detected during a physical exam, prompting further investigation.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for Trilogy of Fallot usually involves surgical intervention to correct the defects. This may include procedures to relieve the pulmonary stenosis, repair the atrial septal defect, and address any associated anomalies. In some cases, a balloon valvuloplasty may be performed to widen the pulmonary valve.
Prognosis[edit]
With appropriate surgical treatment, individuals with Trilogy of Fallot can lead relatively normal lives. However, they require regular follow-up with a cardiologist to monitor heart function and detect any potential complications.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
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