Argus retinal prosthesis: Difference between revisions

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== Apfelwein ==
{{Short description|Retinal prosthesis system}}


'''Apfelwein''', also known as '''cider''', is a traditional alcoholic beverage made from fermented apple juice. It is particularly popular in the [[Hesse]] region of [[Germany]], especially around the city of [[Frankfurt]]. Apfelwein is known for its tart, refreshing taste and is often enjoyed in social settings.
The '''Argus retinal prosthesis''' is a type of [[bionic eye]] designed to restore some degree of vision to individuals who are blind due to [[retinitis pigmentosa]] or other degenerative eye diseases. Developed by [[Second Sight Medical Products]], the Argus system is one of the first [[retinal implants]] to receive regulatory approval for commercial use.


== Production ==
==Overview==
The Argus retinal prosthesis system consists of a small electronic device implanted in and around the eye, and a pair of glasses equipped with a camera. The camera captures video, which is processed by a small computer worn by the user. This processed video is then transmitted wirelessly to the implant, which stimulates the [[retina]] to create a perception of patterns of light in the brain.


The production of Apfelwein involves several key steps. First, apples are harvested and pressed to extract the juice. This juice is then fermented, typically using wild yeasts, although cultivated yeasts may also be used to control the fermentation process. The fermentation can take several weeks to months, depending on the desired flavor profile and alcohol content.
==Components==


=== Pressing ===
===Implant===
The implant component of the Argus system is surgically placed on the surface of the retina. It consists of an array of electrodes that directly stimulate the remaining viable retinal cells. The implant is designed to be biocompatible and durable, capable of functioning for many years within the eye.


The pressing of apples is a crucial step in Apfelwein production. Traditional presses, known as ''Kelter'', are often used. These presses can be seen in various cider houses and are a symbol of the Apfelwein culture.
===External Equipment===
The external equipment includes a pair of glasses with a built-in camera and a video processing unit (VPU). The camera captures the visual scene and sends the data to the VPU, which processes the images and converts them into electrical signals. These signals are then sent wirelessly to the implant.


[[File:Kelterstation-fisch.JPG|thumb|Traditional apple press used in Apfelwein production]]
==Functionality==
The Argus system is designed to provide visual information to individuals who have lost their vision due to retinal degeneration. While it does not restore normal vision, it can help users perceive light, movement, and shapes, which can significantly improve their ability to navigate and perform daily tasks.


=== Fermentation ===
==Surgical Procedure==
The implantation of the Argus system is a complex surgical procedure that requires specialized training. The surgery involves attaching the electrode array to the retina and securing the implant in place. Post-surgery, patients undergo a period of rehabilitation to learn how to interpret the visual information provided by the system.


After pressing, the apple juice is transferred to fermentation vessels. The fermentation process converts the sugars in the juice into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The resulting beverage is typically around 5-7% alcohol by volume.
==Limitations and Challenges==
While the Argus system represents a significant advancement in [[visual prosthetics]], it has limitations. The resolution of the visual information is low, and the system requires extensive training and adaptation by the user. Additionally, the surgery carries risks, and not all patients are suitable candidates for the implant.


== Serving ==
==Future Developments==
Research and development continue to improve the technology behind retinal prostheses. Future iterations aim to increase the resolution of the visual information, improve the ease of use, and expand the range of conditions that can be treated with such devices.


Apfelwein is traditionally served in a ''Geripptes'', a ribbed glass that enhances the grip and aesthetic of the drink. It is often poured from a ''Bembel'', a stoneware jug that keeps the beverage cool.
==Related pages==
* [[Retinal implant]]
* [[Bionic eye]]
* [[Retinitis pigmentosa]]
* [[Visual prosthesis]]


[[File:Apfelwein_Geripptes_Bembel.jpg|thumb|A Geripptes glass and Bembel jug used for serving Apfelwein]]
[[Category:Visual prosthetics]]
 
[[Category:Medical devices]]
== Cultural Significance ==
[[Category:Ophthalmology]]
 
Apfelwein holds a special place in the culture of Hesse. It is not only a popular drink but also a part of local traditions and festivals. The ''Viezstraße'' is a famous cider route that highlights the cultural and historical significance of Apfelwein in the region.
 
[[File:Viezstrasse-tafel.jpg|thumb|Signpost along the Viezstraße, a cider route]]
 
== Variations ==
 
There are several variations of Apfelwein, depending on the type of apples used and the production methods. Some producers add other fruits or spices to create unique flavors. ''Speierling'' is a variety made with the addition of service tree berries, which adds a distinct taste.
 
== Related Pages ==
 
* [[Cider]]
* [[Fermentation]]
* [[Alcoholic beverage]]
* [[Hesse]]
 
== Gallery ==
 
<gallery>
File:Heil_Eschbacher_Traditions_Apfelwein.jpg|Heil Eschbacher Traditions Apfelwein
File:Höhl_Der_alte_Hochstädter_Speyerling_Apfelwein.jpg|Höhl Der alte Hochstädter Speyerling Apfelwein
File:Kelterei_Heil_Apfelwein_Speierling.jpg|Kelterei Heil Apfelwein Speierling
File:Müller_Speierling_Apfelwein.jpg|Müller Speierling Apfelwein
File:Müller_Wetterauer_Apfelwein.jpg|Müller Wetterauer Apfelwein
File:Possmann_Frankfurter_Apfelwein.jpg|Possmann Frankfurter Apfelwein
File:Possmann_Frau_Rauscher_Speierling.jpg|Possmann Frau Rauscher Speierling
File:Rapp's_Meisterschoppen_Naturtrüb.jpg|Rapp's Meisterschoppen Naturtrüb
File:Rapp's_Wetterauer_Gold_Apfelwein.jpg|Rapp's Wetterauer Gold Apfelwein
File:Uhl_Apfelwein.jpg|Uhl Apfelwein
</gallery>
 
[[Category:German cuisine]]
[[Category:Alcoholic drinks]]
[[Category:Cider]]
 
```
= Argus retinal prosthesis =
<gallery>
File:Visual_Processing_Through_Bionic_Eye.svg|Visual Processing Through Bionic Eye
</gallery>

Latest revision as of 18:45, 23 March 2025

Retinal prosthesis system


The Argus retinal prosthesis is a type of bionic eye designed to restore some degree of vision to individuals who are blind due to retinitis pigmentosa or other degenerative eye diseases. Developed by Second Sight Medical Products, the Argus system is one of the first retinal implants to receive regulatory approval for commercial use.

Overview[edit]

The Argus retinal prosthesis system consists of a small electronic device implanted in and around the eye, and a pair of glasses equipped with a camera. The camera captures video, which is processed by a small computer worn by the user. This processed video is then transmitted wirelessly to the implant, which stimulates the retina to create a perception of patterns of light in the brain.

Components[edit]

Implant[edit]

The implant component of the Argus system is surgically placed on the surface of the retina. It consists of an array of electrodes that directly stimulate the remaining viable retinal cells. The implant is designed to be biocompatible and durable, capable of functioning for many years within the eye.

External Equipment[edit]

The external equipment includes a pair of glasses with a built-in camera and a video processing unit (VPU). The camera captures the visual scene and sends the data to the VPU, which processes the images and converts them into electrical signals. These signals are then sent wirelessly to the implant.

Functionality[edit]

The Argus system is designed to provide visual information to individuals who have lost their vision due to retinal degeneration. While it does not restore normal vision, it can help users perceive light, movement, and shapes, which can significantly improve their ability to navigate and perform daily tasks.

Surgical Procedure[edit]

The implantation of the Argus system is a complex surgical procedure that requires specialized training. The surgery involves attaching the electrode array to the retina and securing the implant in place. Post-surgery, patients undergo a period of rehabilitation to learn how to interpret the visual information provided by the system.

Limitations and Challenges[edit]

While the Argus system represents a significant advancement in visual prosthetics, it has limitations. The resolution of the visual information is low, and the system requires extensive training and adaptation by the user. Additionally, the surgery carries risks, and not all patients are suitable candidates for the implant.

Future Developments[edit]

Research and development continue to improve the technology behind retinal prostheses. Future iterations aim to increase the resolution of the visual information, improve the ease of use, and expand the range of conditions that can be treated with such devices.

Related pages[edit]

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