Tardive dyskinesia: Difference between revisions
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{{SI}} | |||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Tardive dyskinesia | |||
| image = [[File:Dopamine-3d-CPK.png|left|thumb|Dopamine]] | |||
| caption = Dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in tardive dyskinesia | |||
| field = [[Psychiatry]], [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = Involuntary movements, especially of the lower face | |||
| complications = Social stigma, impaired quality of life | |||
| onset = Months to years after starting [[antipsychotic]] medication | |||
| duration = Often chronic | |||
| types = [[Tardive dystonia]], [[Tardive akathisia]] | |||
| causes = Long-term use of [[dopamine receptor]] blocking agents | |||
| risks = Use of [[antipsychotics]], older age, female gender | |||
| diagnosis = Clinical evaluation | |||
| differential = [[Parkinson's disease]], [[Huntington's disease]], [[Tourette syndrome]] | |||
| prevention = Use of lowest effective dose of antipsychotics, regular monitoring | |||
| treatment = Discontinuation or reduction of causative agent, use of [[VMAT2 inhibitors]] | |||
| medication = [[Valbenazine]], [[Deutetrabenazine]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable; some cases improve, others persist | |||
| frequency = 20-30% of patients on long-term antipsychotics | |||
}} | |||
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Tardive Dyskinesia}} | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Tardive Dyskinesia}} | ||
'''Tardive dyskinesia''' is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive body movements. These movements can include grimacing, tongue movements, lip smacking, and rapid eye blinking. The condition is often associated with long-term use of [[antipsychotic]] medications, particularly the older, first-generation antipsychotics. | '''Tardive dyskinesia''' is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive body movements. These movements can include grimacing, tongue movements, lip smacking, and rapid eye blinking. The condition is often associated with long-term use of [[antipsychotic]] medications, particularly the older, first-generation antipsychotics. | ||
== Pathophysiology == | == Pathophysiology == | ||
Tardive dyskinesia is believed to result from the long-term blockade of [[dopamine]] receptors in the brain. Antipsychotic medications, which are used to treat conditions such as [[schizophrenia]] and [[bipolar disorder]], often target dopamine receptors to reduce symptoms of psychosis. However, chronic use of these medications can lead to an imbalance in the dopaminergic system, resulting in the development of tardive dyskinesia. | Tardive dyskinesia is believed to result from the long-term blockade of [[dopamine]] receptors in the brain. Antipsychotic medications, which are used to treat conditions such as [[schizophrenia]] and [[bipolar disorder]], often target dopamine receptors to reduce symptoms of psychosis. However, chronic use of these medications can lead to an imbalance in the dopaminergic system, resulting in the development of tardive dyskinesia. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The symptoms of tardive dyskinesia can vary in severity and may include: | The symptoms of tardive dyskinesia can vary in severity and may include: | ||
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* Tongue movements, including protrusion and rolling. | * Tongue movements, including protrusion and rolling. | ||
* Involuntary movements of the limbs and trunk. | * Involuntary movements of the limbs and trunk. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia is primarily clinical, based on the observation of characteristic involuntary movements. A thorough medical history and review of medication use are essential to differentiate tardive dyskinesia from other movement disorders. | Diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia is primarily clinical, based on the observation of characteristic involuntary movements. A thorough medical history and review of medication use are essential to differentiate tardive dyskinesia from other movement disorders. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment of tardive dyskinesia involves discontinuing or reducing the dose of the offending antipsychotic medication, if possible. Switching to a newer, atypical antipsychotic with a lower risk of causing tardive dyskinesia may also be beneficial. In some cases, medications such as [[tetrabenazine]] or [[valbenazine]] may be used to manage symptoms. | Treatment of tardive dyskinesia involves discontinuing or reducing the dose of the offending antipsychotic medication, if possible. Switching to a newer, atypical antipsychotic with a lower risk of causing tardive dyskinesia may also be beneficial. In some cases, medications such as [[tetrabenazine]] or [[valbenazine]] may be used to manage symptoms. | ||
== Prevention == | == Prevention == | ||
Preventing tardive dyskinesia involves careful monitoring of patients on antipsychotic medications, using the lowest effective dose, and regularly assessing the need for continued treatment. Early detection of symptoms can help mitigate the progression of the disorder. | Preventing tardive dyskinesia involves careful monitoring of patients on antipsychotic medications, using the lowest effective dose, and regularly assessing the need for continued treatment. Early detection of symptoms can help mitigate the progression of the disorder. | ||
== See also == | |||
== | |||
* [[Antipsychotic]] | * [[Antipsychotic]] | ||
* [[Dopamine]] | * [[Dopamine]] | ||
* [[Schizophrenia]] | * [[Schizophrenia]] | ||
* [[Bipolar disorder]] | * [[Bipolar disorder]] | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Movement disorders]] | [[Category:Movement disorders]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:33, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
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| Tardive dyskinesia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Involuntary movements, especially of the lower face |
| Complications | Social stigma, impaired quality of life |
| Onset | Months to years after starting antipsychotic medication |
| Duration | Often chronic |
| Types | Tardive dystonia, Tardive akathisia |
| Causes | Long-term use of dopamine receptor blocking agents |
| Risks | Use of antipsychotics, older age, female gender |
| Diagnosis | Clinical evaluation |
| Differential diagnosis | Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Tourette syndrome |
| Prevention | Use of lowest effective dose of antipsychotics, regular monitoring |
| Treatment | Discontinuation or reduction of causative agent, use of VMAT2 inhibitors |
| Medication | Valbenazine, Deutetrabenazine |
| Prognosis | Variable; some cases improve, others persist |
| Frequency | 20-30% of patients on long-term antipsychotics |
| Deaths | N/A |
Tardive dyskinesia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive body movements. These movements can include grimacing, tongue movements, lip smacking, and rapid eye blinking. The condition is often associated with long-term use of antipsychotic medications, particularly the older, first-generation antipsychotics.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Tardive dyskinesia is believed to result from the long-term blockade of dopamine receptors in the brain. Antipsychotic medications, which are used to treat conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, often target dopamine receptors to reduce symptoms of psychosis. However, chronic use of these medications can lead to an imbalance in the dopaminergic system, resulting in the development of tardive dyskinesia.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of tardive dyskinesia can vary in severity and may include:
- Involuntary movements of the face, such as grimacing and lip smacking.
- Rapid eye blinking.
- Tongue movements, including protrusion and rolling.
- Involuntary movements of the limbs and trunk.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia is primarily clinical, based on the observation of characteristic involuntary movements. A thorough medical history and review of medication use are essential to differentiate tardive dyskinesia from other movement disorders.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of tardive dyskinesia involves discontinuing or reducing the dose of the offending antipsychotic medication, if possible. Switching to a newer, atypical antipsychotic with a lower risk of causing tardive dyskinesia may also be beneficial. In some cases, medications such as tetrabenazine or valbenazine may be used to manage symptoms.
Prevention[edit]
Preventing tardive dyskinesia involves careful monitoring of patients on antipsychotic medications, using the lowest effective dose, and regularly assessing the need for continued treatment. Early detection of symptoms can help mitigate the progression of the disorder.
