Vitamin D toxicity: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Vitamin D toxicity | |||
| image = [[File:Cholecalciferol.svg|200px]] | |||
| caption = [[Cholecalciferol]], a form of [[Vitamin D]] | |||
| synonyms = Hypervitaminosis D | |||
| field = [[Endocrinology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Hypercalcemia]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[weakness]], [[frequent urination]], [[kidney stones]] | |||
| complications = [[Kidney failure]], [[cardiac arrhythmias]] | |||
| onset = Gradual, with excessive [[vitamin D]] intake | |||
| duration = Variable, depending on the level of [[vitamin D]] and [[calcium]] | |||
| causes = Excessive intake of [[vitamin D]] supplements | |||
| risks = High-dose [[vitamin D]] supplements, [[granulomatous disease]], [[sarcoidosis]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]] for [[calcium]], [[25-hydroxyvitamin D]] | |||
| differential = [[Hyperparathyroidism]], [[malignancy]] | |||
| prevention = Avoid excessive [[vitamin D]] supplementation | |||
| treatment = Discontinuation of [[vitamin D]], [[corticosteroids]], [[bisphosphonates]] | |||
| prognosis = Good with treatment, but can be severe if untreated | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|Condition of excessive vitamin D levels in the body}} | {{Short description|Condition of excessive vitamin D levels in the body}} | ||
== | == Introduction == | ||
[[Vitamin D toxicity]], also known as hypervitaminosis D, is a rare but potentially serious condition that occurs when there is an excessive accumulation of vitamin D in the body. This condition can lead to hypercalcemia, which is an elevated level of calcium in the blood, and can cause various health issues. | [[Vitamin D toxicity]], also known as hypervitaminosis D, is a rare but potentially serious condition that occurs when there is an excessive accumulation of vitamin D in the body. This condition can lead to hypercalcemia, which is an elevated level of calcium in the blood, and can cause various health issues. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Vitamin D toxicity is usually caused by excessive intake of vitamin D supplements rather than dietary intake or sun exposure. The body regulates the amount of vitamin D produced from sunlight, and it is unlikely to reach toxic levels through diet alone. However, high doses of vitamin D supplements can lead to toxicity. | Vitamin D toxicity is usually caused by excessive intake of vitamin D supplements rather than dietary intake or sun exposure. The body regulates the amount of vitamin D produced from sunlight, and it is unlikely to reach toxic levels through diet alone. However, high doses of vitamin D supplements can lead to toxicity. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of vitamin D toxicity are primarily related to hypercalcemia and may include: | The symptoms of vitamin D toxicity are primarily related to hypercalcemia and may include: | ||
| Line 17: | Line 34: | ||
* Confusion | * Confusion | ||
* Fatigue | * Fatigue | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for maintaining bone health and calcium homeostasis. It is converted in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and then in the kidneys to its active form, calcitriol. Excessive levels of vitamin D increase calcium absorption from the gut, leading to hypercalcemia. | Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for maintaining bone health and calcium homeostasis. It is converted in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and then in the kidneys to its active form, calcitriol. Excessive levels of vitamin D increase calcium absorption from the gut, leading to hypercalcemia. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of vitamin D toxicity is based on clinical symptoms, history of excessive vitamin D intake, and laboratory tests showing elevated levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium in the blood. | Diagnosis of vitamin D toxicity is based on clinical symptoms, history of excessive vitamin D intake, and laboratory tests showing elevated levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium in the blood. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The primary treatment for vitamin D toxicity is to stop taking vitamin D supplements and reduce calcium intake. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required to manage hypercalcemia with intravenous fluids and medications such as bisphosphonates or corticosteroids. | The primary treatment for vitamin D toxicity is to stop taking vitamin D supplements and reduce calcium intake. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required to manage hypercalcemia with intravenous fluids and medications such as bisphosphonates or corticosteroids. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
To prevent vitamin D toxicity, it is important to adhere to recommended dietary allowances and avoid excessive supplementation. Regular monitoring of blood levels of vitamin D and calcium is advised for individuals taking high doses of vitamin D. | To prevent vitamin D toxicity, it is important to adhere to recommended dietary allowances and avoid excessive supplementation. Regular monitoring of blood levels of vitamin D and calcium is advised for individuals taking high doses of vitamin D. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Vitamin D]] | * [[Vitamin D]] | ||
* [[Hypercalcemia]] | * [[Hypercalcemia]] | ||
* [[Kidney stones]] | * [[Kidney stones]] | ||
[[Category:Vitamin D]] | [[Category:Vitamin D]] | ||
[[Category:Medical conditions related to hypervitaminosis]] | [[Category:Medical conditions related to hypervitaminosis]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:25, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Vitamin D toxicity | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Hypervitaminosis D |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Hypercalcemia, nausea, vomiting, weakness, frequent urination, kidney stones |
| Complications | Kidney failure, cardiac arrhythmias |
| Onset | Gradual, with excessive vitamin D intake |
| Duration | Variable, depending on the level of vitamin D and calcium |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Excessive intake of vitamin D supplements |
| Risks | High-dose vitamin D supplements, granulomatous disease, sarcoidosis |
| Diagnosis | Blood test for calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D |
| Differential diagnosis | Hyperparathyroidism, malignancy |
| Prevention | Avoid excessive vitamin D supplementation |
| Treatment | Discontinuation of vitamin D, corticosteroids, bisphosphonates |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Good with treatment, but can be severe if untreated |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Condition of excessive vitamin D levels in the body
Introduction[edit]
Vitamin D toxicity, also known as hypervitaminosis D, is a rare but potentially serious condition that occurs when there is an excessive accumulation of vitamin D in the body. This condition can lead to hypercalcemia, which is an elevated level of calcium in the blood, and can cause various health issues.
Causes[edit]
Vitamin D toxicity is usually caused by excessive intake of vitamin D supplements rather than dietary intake or sun exposure. The body regulates the amount of vitamin D produced from sunlight, and it is unlikely to reach toxic levels through diet alone. However, high doses of vitamin D supplements can lead to toxicity.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of vitamin D toxicity are primarily related to hypercalcemia and may include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Weakness
- Frequent urination
- Kidney stones
- Bone pain
- Confusion
- Fatigue
Pathophysiology[edit]
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for maintaining bone health and calcium homeostasis. It is converted in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and then in the kidneys to its active form, calcitriol. Excessive levels of vitamin D increase calcium absorption from the gut, leading to hypercalcemia.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of vitamin D toxicity is based on clinical symptoms, history of excessive vitamin D intake, and laboratory tests showing elevated levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium in the blood.
Treatment[edit]
The primary treatment for vitamin D toxicity is to stop taking vitamin D supplements and reduce calcium intake. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required to manage hypercalcemia with intravenous fluids and medications such as bisphosphonates or corticosteroids.
Prevention[edit]
To prevent vitamin D toxicity, it is important to adhere to recommended dietary allowances and avoid excessive supplementation. Regular monitoring of blood levels of vitamin D and calcium is advised for individuals taking high doses of vitamin D.
