APP-FUBINACA: Difference between revisions

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APP-FUBINACA
== APP-FUBINACA ==


[[File:APP-FUBINACA.png|thumb|Chemical structure of APP-FUBINACA]]
[[File:APP-FUBINACA.png|thumb|right|Chemical structure of APP-FUBINACA]]


'''APP-FUBINACA''' is a synthetic cannabinoid that has been used as a designer drug. It is a potent agonist of the [[cannabinoid receptor]]s and has been associated with various adverse effects in humans.
'''APP-FUBINACA''' is a synthetic cannabinoid that acts as a potent agonist of the [[cannabinoid receptor]]s. It is part of a class of compounds that are often used in the production of [[designer drugs]] and are sometimes found in products marketed as "[[synthetic cannabis]]".


==Chemical Structure and Properties==
== Chemical Properties ==
APP-FUBINACA is a member of the [[indazole]] family of synthetic cannabinoids. It is structurally related to other synthetic cannabinoids such as [[AB-FUBINACA]] and [[ADB-FUBINACA]]. The chemical structure of APP-FUBINACA includes a 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide core, which is a common feature among many synthetic cannabinoids.


==Pharmacology==
APP-FUBINACA is chemically classified as an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid. It is structurally related to other synthetic cannabinoids such as [[AB-FUBINACA]] and [[ADB-FUBINACA]]. The compound is known for its high affinity and efficacy at the [[CB1 receptor]], which is primarily responsible for the psychoactive effects associated with cannabinoids.
APP-FUBINACA acts as a potent agonist at the [[CB1 receptor|CB1]] and [[CB2 receptor|CB2]] cannabinoid receptors. These receptors are part of the [[endocannabinoid system]], which plays a role in regulating various physiological processes including mood, memory, and pain sensation. The activation of these receptors by APP-FUBINACA can lead to psychoactive effects similar to those of [[tetrahydrocannabinol]] (THC), the active component of [[cannabis]].


==Effects and Toxicity==
== Pharmacology ==
The use of APP-FUBINACA has been associated with a range of adverse effects. Users may experience symptoms such as [[tachycardia]], [[hypertension]], [[hallucinations]], and [[seizures]]. In severe cases, the use of APP-FUBINACA can lead to [[coma]] or even [[death]]. The variability in effects is partly due to differences in individual metabolism and the presence of other substances.


==Legal Status==
APP-FUBINACA acts as a full agonist at the [[CB1 receptor]] and [[CB2 receptor]], with a higher affinity for the CB1 receptor. This interaction leads to the activation of the [[endocannabinoid system]], resulting in effects that mimic those of [[tetrahydrocannabinol]] (THC), the primary psychoactive component of [[cannabis]].
Due to its potential for abuse and adverse health effects, APP-FUBINACA has been classified as a controlled substance in many countries. It is often included in legislation targeting synthetic cannabinoids and other [[novel psychoactive substances]].


==Synthesis and Detection==
=== Effects ===
The synthesis of APP-FUBINACA involves the reaction of 4-fluorobenzyl chloride with indazole-3-carboxylic acid, followed by amide formation. Detection of APP-FUBINACA in biological samples can be challenging due to its structural similarity to other synthetic cannabinoids. Advanced analytical techniques such as [[mass spectrometry]] and [[gas chromatography]] are often employed for its identification.
 
The effects of APP-FUBINACA can include euphoria, relaxation, altered perception, and increased appetite. However, due to its potency, it can also cause adverse effects such as anxiety, paranoia, tachycardia, and in severe cases, [[psychosis]] or [[seizures]].
 
== Legal Status ==
 
Due to its potential for abuse and lack of medical use, APP-FUBINACA is classified as a controlled substance in many countries. It is often included in legislation targeting synthetic cannabinoids and other [[new psychoactive substances]] (NPS).
 
== Synthesis ==
 
The synthesis of APP-FUBINACA involves the reaction of an indazole core with a fluorobenzyl group and a carboxamide moiety. The process requires specialized knowledge in organic chemistry and access to controlled precursors.
 
== Health Risks ==
 
The use of APP-FUBINACA is associated with significant health risks. Overdose can lead to severe [[cardiovascular]] and [[neurological]] complications. Long-term use may result in [[addiction]] and [[cognitive impairment]].
 
== Related Pages ==


==Related pages==
* [[Synthetic cannabinoids]]
* [[Synthetic cannabinoids]]
* [[Cannabinoid receptor]]
* [[Cannabinoid receptor]]
* [[Designer drug]]
* [[Designer drugs]]
* [[Endocannabinoid system]]
* [[Endocannabinoid system]]


[[Category:Synthetic cannabinoids]]
[[Category:Synthetic cannabinoids]]
[[Category:Designer drugs]]
[[Category:Designer drugs]]

Latest revision as of 03:56, 13 February 2025

APP-FUBINACA[edit]

Chemical structure of APP-FUBINACA

APP-FUBINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid that acts as a potent agonist of the cannabinoid receptors. It is part of a class of compounds that are often used in the production of designer drugs and are sometimes found in products marketed as "synthetic cannabis".

Chemical Properties[edit]

APP-FUBINACA is chemically classified as an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid. It is structurally related to other synthetic cannabinoids such as AB-FUBINACA and ADB-FUBINACA. The compound is known for its high affinity and efficacy at the CB1 receptor, which is primarily responsible for the psychoactive effects associated with cannabinoids.

Pharmacology[edit]

APP-FUBINACA acts as a full agonist at the CB1 receptor and CB2 receptor, with a higher affinity for the CB1 receptor. This interaction leads to the activation of the endocannabinoid system, resulting in effects that mimic those of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive component of cannabis.

Effects[edit]

The effects of APP-FUBINACA can include euphoria, relaxation, altered perception, and increased appetite. However, due to its potency, it can also cause adverse effects such as anxiety, paranoia, tachycardia, and in severe cases, psychosis or seizures.

Legal Status[edit]

Due to its potential for abuse and lack of medical use, APP-FUBINACA is classified as a controlled substance in many countries. It is often included in legislation targeting synthetic cannabinoids and other new psychoactive substances (NPS).

Synthesis[edit]

The synthesis of APP-FUBINACA involves the reaction of an indazole core with a fluorobenzyl group and a carboxamide moiety. The process requires specialized knowledge in organic chemistry and access to controlled precursors.

Health Risks[edit]

The use of APP-FUBINACA is associated with significant health risks. Overdose can lead to severe cardiovascular and neurological complications. Long-term use may result in addiction and cognitive impairment.

Related Pages[edit]