Proboscivirus

Proboscivirus

Proboscivirus is a genus of viruses within the family Herpesviridae. This genus is known for infecting elephants, both Asian and African species, and is associated with a disease known as Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV). This disease can cause severe hemorrhagic symptoms and is often fatal, particularly in young elephants.

Taxonomy

Proboscivirus is part of the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae. The genus name "Proboscivirus" is derived from "proboscis," referring to the trunk of elephants, which are the natural hosts of these viruses.

Species

The genus Proboscivirus includes several species, with the most notable being:

• Elephantid betaherpesvirus 1 (EEHV1)
• Elephantid betaherpesvirus 2 (EEHV2)
• Elephantid betaherpesvirus 3 (EEHV3)
• Elephantid betaherpesvirus 4 (EEHV4)
• Elephantid betaherpesvirus 5 (EEHV5)
• Elephantid betaherpesvirus 6 (EEHV6)
• Elephantid betaherpesvirus 7 (EEHV7)

Pathogenesis

Proboscivirus infections are characterized by their ability to cause hemorrhagic disease in elephants. The virus targets endothelial cells, leading to widespread vascular damage and hemorrhage. Symptoms of EEHV infection include lethargy, edema, cyanosis of the tongue, and internal bleeding. The disease progresses rapidly and can lead to death within days if not treated promptly.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Proboscivirus infection is typically achieved through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of blood samples. Early detection is crucial for effective management and treatment of the disease.

Treatment

Treatment options for EEHV are limited but may include antiviral medications such as ganciclovir and supportive care to manage symptoms. Early intervention is critical to improve the chances of survival.

Epidemiology

EEHV is a significant concern for both wild and captive elephant populations. The virus is endemic in elephant populations, and outbreaks can have devastating effects, particularly in young elephants who are more susceptible to severe disease.

Conservation Implications

The impact of Proboscivirus on elephant populations poses a challenge for conservation efforts. Understanding the epidemiology and developing effective management strategies are essential for the protection of these endangered species.

Also see

• Herpesviridae
• Betaherpesvirinae
• Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus
• Viral hemorrhagic fever

Herpesviridae
Herpesviridae virion
Taxonomy
Kingdom	Virus
Order	Herpesvirales
Family	Herpesviridae
Genera
Simplexvirus Varicellovirus Cytomegalovirus Roseolovirus Rhadinovirus Iltovirus Mardivirus Percavirus Scutavirus
Notable Species
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) Varicella zoster virus (VZV) Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)
Related Topics
Herpesvirus latency Herpesvirus infections Antiviral drugs Viral replication