Opalski cells

Opalski Cells

Opalski cells are a type of glial cell found in the central nervous system, particularly associated with certain pathological conditions. These cells are named after the Polish neuropathologist Adam Opalski, who first described them.

Characteristics

Opalski cells are large, swollen astrocytes that are typically found in the white matter of the brain. They are characterized by their hypertrophic appearance, with an enlarged cell body and prominent nucleus. The cytoplasm of Opalski cells often appears vacuolated or foamy due to the accumulation of lipids and other substances.

Pathological Significance

Opalski cells are most commonly associated with hepatic encephalopathy, a condition that results from severe liver dysfunction. In this context, the presence of Opalski cells is indicative of brain edema and astrocytic swelling due to the accumulation of toxic substances that the liver fails to metabolize.

These cells can also be observed in other conditions that lead to metabolic disturbances in the brain, such as Wilson's disease and Reye's syndrome.

Historical Context

Adam Opalski first identified these cells in the early 20th century while studying the neuropathological changes associated with liver disease. His work contributed significantly to the understanding of the relationship between liver function and brain pathology.

Clinical Relevance

The identification of Opalski cells in brain tissue can aid in the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy and other metabolic disorders affecting the brain. Their presence is often used as a histological marker in neuropathological examinations.

See Also

• Astrocyte
• Hepatic encephalopathy
• Neuropathology