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| {{Short description|Colourless non-flammable greenhouse gas}} | | {{Short description|A chemical compound used as an anesthetic and in various industrial applications}} |
| {{Chembox
| | {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} |
| | Verifiedfields = changed
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| | Watchedfields = changed
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| | verifiedrevid = 477162830
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| | ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
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| | Name =
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| | ImageFile = Nitrous-oxide-2D-VB.svg
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| | ImageName = Nitrous oxide's canonical forms
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| | ImageFile1 = Nitrous-oxide-dimensions-3D-balls.png
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| | ImageName1 = Ball-and-stick model with bond lengths
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| | ImageFile2 = Nitrous-oxide-3D-vdW.png
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| | ImageSize2 = 150px
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| | ImageName2 = Space-filling model of nitrous oxide
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| | SystematicName = Oxodiazen-2-ium-1-ide
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| | IUPACName = Nitrous oxide<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.degruyter.com/database/IUPAC/entry/iupac.compound.948/html|title=[Nitrous oxide]|website=Degruyter.com|access-date=24 July 2022}}</ref> ''(not recommended)''<br />Dinitrogen oxide<ref>[[IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005]]. [http://old.iupac.org/publications/books/rbook/Red_Book_2005.pdf PDF], p. 317.</ref> ''(alternative name)''
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| | OtherNames = {{Unbulleted list|Laughing gas|galaxy gas|sweet air||nitrous|nos|nang|nitrus{{cn|date=October 2024}}|protoxide of nitrogen|hyponitrous oxide|dinitrogen oxide|dinitrogen monoxide}}
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| | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
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| | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
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| | UNII = K50XQU1029
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| | InChI1 = 1/N2O/c1-2-3
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| | InChIKey1 = GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYAP
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| | SMILES = N#[N+][O-]
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| | SMILES1 = [N-]=[N+]=O
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| | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
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| | StdInChI = 1S/N2O/c1-2-3
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| | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
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| | StdInChIKey = GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
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| | CASNo = 10024-97-2
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| | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
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| | ChemSpiderID = 923
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| | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
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| | ChEMBL = 1234579
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| | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}}
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| | DrugBank = DB06690
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| | PubChem = 948
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| | InChI = 1/N2O/c1-2-3
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| | UNNumber = 1070 (compressed)<br />2201 (liquid)
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| | RTECS = QX1350000
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| | MeSHName =
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| | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
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| | ChEBI = 17045
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| | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
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| | KEGG = D00102
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| | Beilstein = 8137358
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| | Gmelin = 2153410
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| }}
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| | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
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| | Formula = {{chem|N|2|O}}
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| | MolarMass = 44.013 g/mol
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| | Appearance = colourless gas
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| | Density = 1.977 g/L (gas)
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| | MeltingPtC = −90.86
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| | MeltingPt_notes =
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| | BoilingPtC = −88.48
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| | BoilingPt_notes =
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| | Solubility = 1.5 g/L (15 °C)
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| | SolubleOther = soluble in [[ethanol|alcohol]], [[diethyl ether|ether]], [[sulfuric acid]]
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| | LogP = 0.35
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| | RefractIndex = 1.000516 (0 °C, 101.325 kPa)
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| | Viscosity = 14.90 μPa·s<ref name="TakahashiShibasaki-Kitakawa1996">{{cite journal|last1=Takahashi|first1=Mitsuo|last2=Shibasaki-Kitakawa|first2=Naomi|last3=Yokoyama|first3=Chiaki|last4=Takahashi|first4=Shinji|title=Viscosity of Gaseous Nitrous Oxide from 298.15 K to 398.15 K at Pressures up to 25 MPa|journal=Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data|volume=41|issue=6|year=1996|pages=1495–1498|issn=0021-9568|doi=10.1021/je960060d}}</ref>
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| | VaporPressure = 5150 kPa (20 °C)
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| | HenryConstant =
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| | AtmosphericOHRateConstant =
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| | MagSus = −18.9·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
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| }}
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| | Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
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| | MolShape = linear, ''C''{{ssub|∞v}}
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| | Dipole = 0.166 [[Debye|D]]
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| }}
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| | Section4 =
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| | Section5 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
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| | DeltaHf = +82.05 kJ/mol
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| | Entropy = 219.96 J/(K·mol)
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| }}
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| | Section6 = {{Chembox Pharmacology
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| | ATCCode_prefix = N01
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| | ATCCode_suffix = AX13
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| | AdminRoutes = [[Inhalation]]
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| | Bioavail =
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| | Metabolism = 0.004%
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| | HalfLife = 5 minutes
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| | ProteinBound =
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| | Excretion = [[Respiratory]]
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| | Legal_status = <!-- All U.S. states except for [[California]] allow nitrous oxide as an [[anaesthetic]]. Also used in the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Australia]]. -->
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| | Legal_US =
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| | Legal_US_comment =
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| | Legal_UK =
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| | Legal_AU =
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| | Legal_CA =
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| | Pregnancy_category =
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| | Pregnancy_AU =
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| }}
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| | Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
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| | ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0067.htm Ilo.org], ICSC 0067 | |
| | GHSPictograms = {{GHS flame over circle}}
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| | GHSSignalWord = Danger
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| | HPhrases = {{H-phrases|270}}
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| | PPhrases = {{P-phrases|220|244|282|336|317|370+376|403|410+403}}
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| | MainHazards =
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| | NFPA-H = 2
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| | NFPA-F = 0
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| | NFPA-R = 0
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| | NFPA-S = OX
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| | FlashPt = Nonflammable
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| | LD50 =
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| | PEL =
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| }}
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| | Section8 = {{Chembox Related
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| | OtherFunction = [[Nitric oxide]]<br />[[Dinitrogen trioxide]]<br />[[Nitrogen dioxide]]<br />[[Dinitrogen tetroxide]]<br />[[Dinitrogen pentoxide]]
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| | OtherFunction_label = [[nitrogen]] [[oxide]]s
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| | OtherCompounds = [[Ammonium nitrate]]<br />[[Azide]]
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| }}
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| }} | |
| [[File:Nitrous-oxide-2D-VB.svg|Nitrous-oxide|left|thumb]]
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| [[File:Nitrous-oxide-dimensions-3D-balls.png|Nitrous-oxide-dimensions-3D-balls|thumb]]
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| Nitrous oxide (N20) is a colorless gas stored as a liquid and is used as a general [[anesthetics|anesthetic]].
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| {{moa}}
| | '''Nitrous oxide''', commonly known as '''laughing gas''', is a chemical compound with the formula '''N₂O'''. It is a colorless, non-flammable gas, with a slightly sweet odor and taste. It is used in surgery and dentistry for its anesthetic and analgesic effects. It is also used as an oxidizer in rocket propellants and in motor racing to increase the power output of engines. |
| Nitrous oxide depresses the [[central nervous system]] adequately to allow for surgery or invasive, potentially painful, procedures. These are generally administered for a short period only and by medical personnel specifically trained in their use, efficacy and safety. | |
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| {{se}}
| | ==Chemical Properties== |
| Breathing nitrous oxide can cause dizziness, unconsciousness, and even death. Long-term exposure can lead to infertility. Contact with liquid nitrous oxide can cause severe frostbite. Workers may be harmed from exposure to nitrous oxide. The level of exposure depends on the dose, duration, and type of work being done.
| | Nitrous oxide is composed of two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. It is a linear molecule and is isoelectronic with carbon dioxide. The gas is relatively inert at room temperature but can decompose at higher temperatures to form nitrogen and oxygen gases. |
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| {{use}}
| | ==Medical Use== |
| Nitrous oxide is used in many industries. It can come from anesthetic equipment, surgical patients, and storage cylinders.
| | In the medical field, nitrous oxide is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. It is often administered in combination with oxygen to patients undergoing minor surgical procedures or dental work. The gas induces a state of euphoria and relaxation, which is why it is sometimes referred to as "laughing gas." It is considered a safe anesthetic when used appropriately, but it can cause side effects such as nausea, dizziness, and in rare cases, hypoxia if not administered with sufficient oxygen. |
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| == Work related exposure to nitrous oxide == | | ==Industrial Applications== |
| Some examples of workers at risk of nitrous oxide exposure include the following:
| | Nitrous oxide is used in the food industry as a propellant in whipped cream canisters. It is also used in the automotive industry to enhance engine performance. When injected into an engine, nitrous oxide releases extra oxygen, allowing the engine to burn more fuel and thus produce more power. |
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| * Medical personnel who work in surgical rooms in hospitals, surgery centers, or medical offices
| | ==Environmental Impact== |
| * Dental workers where nitrous oxide gas is used as an anesthetic
| | Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential approximately 298 times that of carbon dioxide over a 100-year period. It is also involved in the depletion of the ozone layer. The primary sources of nitrous oxide emissions are agricultural activities, particularly the use of synthetic fertilizers. |
| * Recovery room personnel who are exposed to outgassing patients who emit fumes after surgery
| | |
| * Workers in laboratories and facilities where compressed gas cylinders are moved and stored
| | ==Safety and Handling== |
| * Service workers who clean and maintain surgical rooms before or after surgery
| | While nitrous oxide is generally safe when used properly, it can pose health risks if inhaled in large quantities. Prolonged exposure can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency and neurological damage. It is important to handle nitrous oxide cylinders with care to prevent leaks and ensure proper ventilation in areas where the gas is used. |
| {{Drug use}}
| | |
| {{General anesthetics}}
| | ==Related pages== |
| {{Analgesics}}
| | * [[Anesthetic]] |
| {{Hallucinogens}}
| | * [[Greenhouse gas]] |
| {{Navboxes
| | * [[Ozone depletion]] |
| | title = [[Pharmacodynamics]]
| | * [[Rocket propellant]] |
| | titlestyle = background:#ccccff
| | |
| | list1 =
| | [[Category:Anesthetics]] |
| {{GABAA receptor positive modulators}}
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| {{Glycine receptor modulators}}
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| {{Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators}}
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| {{Neurotoxins}}
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| {{Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators}}
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| {{Serotonin receptor modulators}}
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| }}
| |
| {{Molecules detected in outer space}}
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| {{Nitrogen compounds}}
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| {{Oxygen compounds}}{{Portal bar | Medicine}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Nitrous Oxide}}
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| [[Category:5-HT3 antagonists]] | |
| [[Category:Aerosol propellants]] | |
| [[Category:Dissociative drugs]] | |
| [[Category:E-number additives]] | |
| [[Category:Euphoriants]]
| |
| [[Category:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators]]
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| [[Category:Gaseous signaling molecules]]
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| [[Category:General anesthetics]]
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| [[Category:Glycine receptor agonists]] | |
| [[Category:Greenhouse gases]] | | [[Category:Greenhouse gases]] |
| [[Category:Industrial gases]]
| | [[Category:Nitrogen compounds]] |
| [[Category:Industrial hygiene]]
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| [[Category:Inhalants]]
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| [[Category:Nitrogen oxides]] | |
| [[Category:Monopropellants]]
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| [[Category:Nicotinic antagonists]]
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| [[Category:Nitrogen cycle]]
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| [[Category:NMDA receptor antagonists]]
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| [[Category:Rocket oxidizers]]
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| [[Category:Trace gases]]
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| [[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]]
| |
| [[Category:Neurotoxins]]
| |
A chemical compound used as an anesthetic and in various industrial applications
Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas, is a chemical compound with the formula N₂O. It is a colorless, non-flammable gas, with a slightly sweet odor and taste. It is used in surgery and dentistry for its anesthetic and analgesic effects. It is also used as an oxidizer in rocket propellants and in motor racing to increase the power output of engines.
Chemical Properties[edit]
Nitrous oxide is composed of two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. It is a linear molecule and is isoelectronic with carbon dioxide. The gas is relatively inert at room temperature but can decompose at higher temperatures to form nitrogen and oxygen gases.
Medical Use[edit]
In the medical field, nitrous oxide is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. It is often administered in combination with oxygen to patients undergoing minor surgical procedures or dental work. The gas induces a state of euphoria and relaxation, which is why it is sometimes referred to as "laughing gas." It is considered a safe anesthetic when used appropriately, but it can cause side effects such as nausea, dizziness, and in rare cases, hypoxia if not administered with sufficient oxygen.
Industrial Applications[edit]
Nitrous oxide is used in the food industry as a propellant in whipped cream canisters. It is also used in the automotive industry to enhance engine performance. When injected into an engine, nitrous oxide releases extra oxygen, allowing the engine to burn more fuel and thus produce more power.
Environmental Impact[edit]
Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential approximately 298 times that of carbon dioxide over a 100-year period. It is also involved in the depletion of the ozone layer. The primary sources of nitrous oxide emissions are agricultural activities, particularly the use of synthetic fertilizers.
Safety and Handling[edit]
While nitrous oxide is generally safe when used properly, it can pose health risks if inhaled in large quantities. Prolonged exposure can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency and neurological damage. It is important to handle nitrous oxide cylinders with care to prevent leaks and ensure proper ventilation in areas where the gas is used.
Related pages[edit]
