Milium: Difference between revisions

Milium
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Latest revision as of 20:50, 30 December 2024

Milium (plural: milia) are small, white, keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis or on the roof of the mouth. They are most commonly found on the face, particularly around the eyes, nose, and cheeks, but can occur anywhere on the body.

Causes[edit]

Milia form when keratin, a protein found in skin tissue, hair, and nail cells, becomes trapped beneath the outer layer of skin. This can occur due to:

Skin damage from burns or blisters
Long-term sun exposure
Use of thick creams or steroid creams
Genetic disorders

Types[edit]

Milia are classified into several types based on their cause and age of onset:

Primary milia: These occur spontaneously and are common in newborns.
Secondary milia: These develop after skin trauma or injury.
Juvenile milia: Associated with genetic conditions such as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.
Milia en plaque: A rare form that appears as a raised patch on the skin.

Diagnosis[edit]

Milia are diagnosed based on their appearance. A dermatologist can usually identify them through a simple visual examination. In rare cases, a skin biopsy may be performed to rule out other conditions.

Treatment[edit]

Milia often resolve on their own without treatment. However, for cosmetic reasons or persistent cases, treatment options include:

Topical retinoids
Chemical peels
Laser therapy
Manual extraction by a dermatologist

Prevention[edit]

Preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing milia include:

Regular exfoliation to remove dead skin cells
Avoiding heavy creams and oil-based cosmetics
Using sunscreen to protect against sun damage

References[edit]

External links[edit]

American Academy of Dermatology: Milia

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Infobox medical condition
 | name = Milium
-| image = Milium.jpg
+| image = <!-- Image removed -->
-| caption = Close-up of a milium on the skin
+| caption = <!-- Caption removed -->
 | field = Dermatology
-| synonyms = Milia (plural)
-| symptoms = Small, white, keratin-filled cysts
-| causes = Keratin trapped beneath the skin surface
-| treatment = Exfoliation, extraction, retinoids
 }}
-'''Milium''' (plural: '''milia''') is a small, white, keratin-filled cyst that typically appears on the skin, particularly on the face. These cysts are common in individuals of all ages, including newborns, and are often found around the eyes, nose, and cheeks. Milia are benign and usually resolve without treatment, although they can be removed for cosmetic reasons.
+'''Milium''' (plural: '''milia''') are small, white, keratin-filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis or on the roof of the mouth. They are most commonly found on the face, particularly around the eyes, nose, and cheeks, but can occur anywhere on the body.
-==Pathophysiology==
+== Causes ==
-Milia form when keratin, a protein found in the skin, becomes trapped beneath the outer layer of the skin, the epidermis. This entrapment leads to the formation of a small cyst. Milia are often associated with skin damage, such as burns or blistering, but can also occur spontaneously.
+Milia form when [[keratin]], a protein found in skin tissue, hair, and nail cells, becomes trapped beneath the outer layer of skin. This can occur due to:
+* [[Skin damage]] from burns or blisters
+* Long-term [[sun exposure]]
+* Use of thick creams or [[steroid creams]]
+* [[Genetic disorders]]
-==Types of Milia==
+== Types ==
-Milia can be classified into several types based on their cause and location:
+Milia are classified into several types based on their cause and age of onset:
+* '''Primary milia''': These occur spontaneously and are common in newborns.
+* '''Secondary milia''': These develop after skin trauma or injury.
+* '''Juvenile milia''': Associated with genetic conditions such as [[nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome]].
+* '''Milia en plaque''': A rare form that appears as a raised patch on the skin.
-* '''Primary Milia''': These occur spontaneously and are common in newborns. They usually appear on the face and resolve on their own within a few weeks.
+== Diagnosis ==
-* '''Secondary Milia''': These develop after skin trauma, such as burns, blistering, or dermabrasion. They can also occur as a result of long-term use of topical steroids.
+Milia are diagnosed based on their appearance. A [[dermatologist]] can usually identify them through a simple visual examination. In rare cases, a [[skin biopsy]] may be performed to rule out other conditions.
-* '''Juvenile Milia''': Associated with genetic conditions such as basal cell nevus syndrome or Gardner syndrome.
-* '''Milia en plaque''': A rare form that presents as a plaque of milia, often on the eyelids or behind the ears.
-==Diagnosis==
+== Treatment ==
-Milia are diagnosed based on their characteristic appearance. They are small, white, dome-shaped papules that are firm to the touch. A dermatologist can usually diagnose milia by visual examination. In rare cases, a skin biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
+Milia often resolve on their own without treatment. However, for cosmetic reasons or persistent cases, treatment options include:
+* [[Topical retinoids]]
+* [[Chemical peels]]
+* [[Laser therapy]]
+* Manual extraction by a dermatologist
-==Treatment==
+== Prevention ==
-While milia are harmless and often resolve on their own, treatment may be sought for cosmetic reasons. Treatment options include:
+Preventive measures to reduce the risk of developing milia include:
+* Regular [[exfoliation]] to remove dead skin cells
+* Avoiding heavy creams and [[oil-based cosmetics]]
+* Using [[sunscreen]] to protect against sun damage
-* '''Exfoliation''': Regular exfoliation can help prevent the formation of milia by removing dead skin cells and promoting cell turnover.
+== See also ==
-* '''Extraction''': A dermatologist can perform a simple procedure to remove milia using a sterile needle or blade.
-* '''Topical Retinoids''': These can help reduce the formation of milia by promoting skin cell turnover.
-==Prevention==
-Preventive measures include maintaining a regular skincare routine with gentle exfoliation, avoiding heavy creams that can clog pores, and protecting the skin from sun damage.
-==Prognosis==
-The prognosis for milia is excellent, as they are benign and often resolve without intervention. However, they can recur, especially if the underlying cause is not addressed.
-==Also see==
 * [[Comedo]]
-* [[Sebaceous cyst]]
+* [[Cyst]]
-* [[Epidermoid cyst]]
 * [[Dermatology]]
-{{Dermatology}}
+== References ==
+{{Reflist}}
+== External links ==
+* [https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/milia American Academy of Dermatology: Milia]
 [[Category:Dermatology]]
 [[Category:Skin conditions]]
-[[Category:Benign tumors]]
+[[Category:Medical conditions]]