Parry–Romberg syndrome: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Parry_Romberg_Syndrome_1.jpg| | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Parry–Romberg syndrome | |||
| image = [[File:Parry_Romberg_Syndrome_1.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = A patient with Parry–Romberg syndrome showing facial asymmetry | |||
| synonyms = Progressive hemifacial atrophy | |||
| field = [[Neurology]], [[Dermatology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Facial asymmetry]], [[skin]] and [[soft tissue]] atrophy, [[enophthalmos]], [[alopecia]], [[seizures]], [[trigeminal neuralgia]] | |||
| complications = [[Epilepsy]], [[migraine]], [[scleroderma]] | |||
| onset = Typically in [[childhood]] or [[adolescence]] | |||
| duration = Progressive over several years | |||
| causes = Unknown, possibly [[autoimmune]] | |||
| risks = Unknown | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical diagnosis]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Scleroderma]], [[Coup de sabre]], [[linear scleroderma]] | |||
| treatment = [[Reconstructive surgery]], [[immunosuppressive therapy]], [[physical therapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on severity and progression | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Parry–Romberg syndrome''' ('''PRS'''), also known as '''progressive hemifacial atrophy''', is a rare disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration (atrophy) of the skin and soft tissues of half of the face. This condition typically affects the left side of the face, but it can also affect the right side or, in rare cases, both sides. The syndrome is named after [[Caleb Hillier Parry]] and [[Moritz Heinrich Romberg]], who first described the condition in the 19th century. | |||
==Signs and Symptoms== | ==Signs and Symptoms== | ||
The primary feature of Parry–Romberg syndrome is the slow, progressive atrophy of the skin and soft tissues on one side of the face. This atrophy can affect the [[muscles]], [[fat]], and [[bone]]s, leading to a sunken appearance. Other symptoms may include: | The primary feature of Parry–Romberg syndrome is the slow, progressive atrophy of the skin and soft tissues on one side of the face. This atrophy can affect the [[muscles]], [[fat]], and [[bone]]s, leading to a sunken appearance. Other symptoms may include: | ||
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* [[Alopecia]] (hair loss) on the affected side | * [[Alopecia]] (hair loss) on the affected side | ||
* [[Hyperpigmentation]] or [[hypopigmentation]] of the skin | * [[Hyperpigmentation]] or [[hypopigmentation]] of the skin | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
The exact cause of Parry–Romberg syndrome is unknown. Several theories have been proposed, including: | The exact cause of Parry–Romberg syndrome is unknown. Several theories have been proposed, including: | ||
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* [[Trauma]] | * [[Trauma]] | ||
* [[Infection]] | * [[Infection]] | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of Parry–Romberg syndrome is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic signs and symptoms. Imaging studies such as [[MRI]] or [[CT scan]] may be used to assess the extent of tissue atrophy and to rule out other conditions. [[Biopsy]] of affected tissues is rarely necessary but can be performed to exclude other diagnoses. | Diagnosis of Parry–Romberg syndrome is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic signs and symptoms. Imaging studies such as [[MRI]] or [[CT scan]] may be used to assess the extent of tissue atrophy and to rule out other conditions. [[Biopsy]] of affected tissues is rarely necessary but can be performed to exclude other diagnoses. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
There is no cure for Parry–Romberg syndrome, and treatment is primarily symptomatic. Options may include: | There is no cure for Parry–Romberg syndrome, and treatment is primarily symptomatic. Options may include: | ||
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* [[Anticonvulsant]]s for seizures | * [[Anticonvulsant]]s for seizures | ||
* [[Reconstructive surgery]] to address cosmetic concerns | * [[Reconstructive surgery]] to address cosmetic concerns | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The progression of Parry–Romberg syndrome varies among individuals. In some cases, the atrophy may stabilize after a few years, while in others, it may continue to progress. The condition is not life-threatening, but it can have significant psychological and social impacts due to facial disfigurement. | The progression of Parry–Romberg syndrome varies among individuals. In some cases, the atrophy may stabilize after a few years, while in others, it may continue to progress. The condition is not life-threatening, but it can have significant psychological and social impacts due to facial disfigurement. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Autoimmune disease]] | * [[Autoimmune disease]] | ||
* [[Trigeminal neuralgia]] | * [[Trigeminal neuralgia]] | ||
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* [[Reconstructive surgery]] | * [[Reconstructive surgery]] | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Rare diseases]] | [[Category:Rare diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | ||
{{Neurology-stub}} | {{Neurology-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 15:24, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Parry–Romberg syndrome | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Progressive hemifacial atrophy |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Facial asymmetry, skin and soft tissue atrophy, enophthalmos, alopecia, seizures, trigeminal neuralgia |
| Complications | Epilepsy, migraine, scleroderma |
| Onset | Typically in childhood or adolescence |
| Duration | Progressive over several years |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Unknown, possibly autoimmune |
| Risks | Unknown |
| Diagnosis | Clinical diagnosis, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Scleroderma, Coup de sabre, linear scleroderma |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Reconstructive surgery, immunosuppressive therapy, physical therapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on severity and progression |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Parry–Romberg syndrome (PRS), also known as progressive hemifacial atrophy, is a rare disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration (atrophy) of the skin and soft tissues of half of the face. This condition typically affects the left side of the face, but it can also affect the right side or, in rare cases, both sides. The syndrome is named after Caleb Hillier Parry and Moritz Heinrich Romberg, who first described the condition in the 19th century.
Signs and Symptoms[edit]
The primary feature of Parry–Romberg syndrome is the slow, progressive atrophy of the skin and soft tissues on one side of the face. This atrophy can affect the muscles, fat, and bones, leading to a sunken appearance. Other symptoms may include:
- Facial pain or headaches
- Trigeminal neuralgia
- Seizures
- Enophthalmos (sunken eye)
- Alopecia (hair loss) on the affected side
- Hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation of the skin
Causes[edit]
The exact cause of Parry–Romberg syndrome is unknown. Several theories have been proposed, including:
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of Parry–Romberg syndrome is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic signs and symptoms. Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan may be used to assess the extent of tissue atrophy and to rule out other conditions. Biopsy of affected tissues is rarely necessary but can be performed to exclude other diagnoses.
Treatment[edit]
There is no cure for Parry–Romberg syndrome, and treatment is primarily symptomatic. Options may include:
- Physical therapy to maintain muscle function
- Pain management for facial pain and headaches
- Anticonvulsants for seizures
- Reconstructive surgery to address cosmetic concerns
Prognosis[edit]
The progression of Parry–Romberg syndrome varies among individuals. In some cases, the atrophy may stabilize after a few years, while in others, it may continue to progress. The condition is not life-threatening, but it can have significant psychological and social impacts due to facial disfigurement.
See also[edit]
