Retinoic acid syndrome: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Retinoic acid syndrome | |||
| synonyms = [[Differentiation syndrome]] | |||
| field = [[Hematology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fever]], [[dyspnea]], [[weight gain]], [[peripheral edema]], [[pleural effusion]], [[pulmonary infiltrates]], [[hypotension]], [[renal failure]] | |||
| complications = [[Respiratory distress]], [[multi-organ failure]] | |||
| onset = Typically within 2 weeks of starting [[all-trans retinoic acid]] (ATRA) therapy | |||
| duration = Variable, depending on treatment | |||
| causes = Treatment with [[all-trans retinoic acid]] (ATRA) or [[arsenic trioxide]] | |||
| risks = [[Acute promyelocytic leukemia]] (APL) patients undergoing treatment | |||
| diagnosis = Clinical evaluation, exclusion of other causes | |||
| differential = [[Infection]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[congestive heart failure]] | |||
| prevention = Prophylactic use of [[corticosteroids]] in high-risk patients | |||
| treatment = [[Corticosteroids]] (e.g., [[dexamethasone]]), supportive care | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with prompt treatment | |||
| frequency = Occurs in 25% of patients treated with ATRA for APL | |||
}} | |||
'''Retinoic acid syndrome''' is a potentially life-threatening medical condition that primarily occurs in patients with [[acute promyelocytic leukemia]] (APL) who are treated with [[all-trans retinoic acid]] (ATRA). The syndrome is characterized by fever, respiratory distress, weight gain, and other symptoms. | '''Retinoic acid syndrome''' is a potentially life-threatening medical condition that primarily occurs in patients with [[acute promyelocytic leukemia]] (APL) who are treated with [[all-trans retinoic acid]] (ATRA). The syndrome is characterized by fever, respiratory distress, weight gain, and other symptoms. | ||
==Etiology== | ==Etiology== | ||
Retinoic acid syndrome is most commonly associated with the use of ATRA in the treatment of APL. ATRA is a derivative of [[Vitamin A]] and is used to induce differentiation of the immature leukemic cells. However, in some patients, this can lead to a severe inflammatory response known as retinoic acid syndrome. | Retinoic acid syndrome is most commonly associated with the use of ATRA in the treatment of APL. ATRA is a derivative of [[Vitamin A]] and is used to induce differentiation of the immature leukemic cells. However, in some patients, this can lead to a severe inflammatory response known as retinoic acid syndrome. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of retinoic acid syndrome can vary, but often include [[fever]], difficulty breathing, [[weight gain]], and [[edema]]. Other symptoms can include [[chest pain]], [[hypotension]], and [[thrombosis]]. In severe cases, the syndrome can lead to [[respiratory failure]] and death. | The symptoms of retinoic acid syndrome can vary, but often include [[fever]], difficulty breathing, [[weight gain]], and [[edema]]. Other symptoms can include [[chest pain]], [[hypotension]], and [[thrombosis]]. In severe cases, the syndrome can lead to [[respiratory failure]] and death. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of retinoic acid syndrome is primarily based on clinical symptoms. However, laboratory tests such as [[complete blood count]] (CBC), [[blood chemistry]], and [[coagulation tests]] may be used to support the diagnosis. | Diagnosis of retinoic acid syndrome is primarily based on clinical symptoms. However, laboratory tests such as [[complete blood count]] (CBC), [[blood chemistry]], and [[coagulation tests]] may be used to support the diagnosis. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment of retinoic acid syndrome involves discontinuation of ATRA and administration of [[dexamethasone]]. In severe cases, [[hospitalization]] may be required. | Treatment of retinoic acid syndrome involves discontinuation of ATRA and administration of [[dexamethasone]]. In severe cases, [[hospitalization]] may be required. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
With prompt recognition and treatment, the prognosis for retinoic acid syndrome is generally good. However, if left untreated, the syndrome can be fatal. | With prompt recognition and treatment, the prognosis for retinoic acid syndrome is generally good. However, if left untreated, the syndrome can be fatal. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Acute promyelocytic leukemia]] | * [[Acute promyelocytic leukemia]] | ||
* [[All-trans retinoic acid]] | * [[All-trans retinoic acid]] | ||
* [[Dexamethasone]] | * [[Dexamethasone]] | ||
[[Category:Syndromes]] | [[Category:Syndromes]] | ||
[[Category:Leukemia]] | [[Category:Leukemia]] | ||
[[Category:Medical emergencies]] | [[Category:Medical emergencies]] | ||
{{Medicine-stub}} | {{Medicine-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 05:59, 4 April 2025
| Retinoic acid syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Differentiation syndrome |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fever, dyspnea, weight gain, peripheral edema, pleural effusion, pulmonary infiltrates, hypotension, renal failure |
| Complications | Respiratory distress, multi-organ failure |
| Onset | Typically within 2 weeks of starting all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy |
| Duration | Variable, depending on treatment |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or arsenic trioxide |
| Risks | Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients undergoing treatment |
| Diagnosis | Clinical evaluation, exclusion of other causes |
| Differential diagnosis | Infection, pulmonary embolism, congestive heart failure |
| Prevention | Prophylactic use of corticosteroids in high-risk patients |
| Treatment | Corticosteroids (e.g., dexamethasone), supportive care |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally good with prompt treatment |
| Frequency | Occurs in 25% of patients treated with ATRA for APL |
| Deaths | N/A |
Retinoic acid syndrome is a potentially life-threatening medical condition that primarily occurs in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) who are treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). The syndrome is characterized by fever, respiratory distress, weight gain, and other symptoms.
Etiology[edit]
Retinoic acid syndrome is most commonly associated with the use of ATRA in the treatment of APL. ATRA is a derivative of Vitamin A and is used to induce differentiation of the immature leukemic cells. However, in some patients, this can lead to a severe inflammatory response known as retinoic acid syndrome.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of retinoic acid syndrome can vary, but often include fever, difficulty breathing, weight gain, and edema. Other symptoms can include chest pain, hypotension, and thrombosis. In severe cases, the syndrome can lead to respiratory failure and death.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of retinoic acid syndrome is primarily based on clinical symptoms. However, laboratory tests such as complete blood count (CBC), blood chemistry, and coagulation tests may be used to support the diagnosis.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of retinoic acid syndrome involves discontinuation of ATRA and administration of dexamethasone. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.
Prognosis[edit]
With prompt recognition and treatment, the prognosis for retinoic acid syndrome is generally good. However, if left untreated, the syndrome can be fatal.
See also[edit]
