Trophoblastic neoplasm: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:55, 9 February 2025

A group of rare tumors involving trophoblastic tissue

Trophoblastic neoplasms are a group of rare tumors that involve the trophoblast, the layer of cells that surrounds the embryo and contributes to the formation of the placenta. These neoplasms are part of a broader category known as gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), which includes both benign and malignant conditions.

Types

Trophoblastic neoplasms can be classified into several types, each with distinct characteristics and clinical implications:

Hydatidiform mole

A hydatidiform mole is a benign form of trophoblastic disease that can be either complete or partial. It is characterized by abnormal growth of trophoblastic tissue and can lead to persistent gestational trophoblastic disease if not treated.

Invasive mole

An invasive mole is a type of trophoblastic neoplasm that occurs when a hydatidiform mole invades the muscular layer of the uterus. It can cause significant bleeding and may require chemotherapy for treatment.

Choriocarcinoma

Choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant form of trophoblastic neoplasm that can occur after any type of pregnancy. It is characterized by rapid growth and early metastasis, often to the lungs and brain. Treatment typically involves chemotherapy.

Placental site trophoblastic tumor

A placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) is a rare form of trophoblastic neoplasm that arises from the placental implantation site. It is less responsive to chemotherapy compared to other types and may require surgical intervention.

Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor

An epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is another rare variant that resembles carcinoma and can occur years after a normal pregnancy. It is often treated with surgery and chemotherapy.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of trophoblastic neoplasms typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Measurement of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels is crucial, as elevated levels can indicate the presence of trophoblastic disease.

Treatment

Treatment strategies for trophoblastic neoplasms depend on the type and stage of the disease. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for malignant forms such as choriocarcinoma, while surgical intervention may be necessary for localized tumors like PSTT and ETT.

Prognosis

The prognosis for patients with trophoblastic neoplasms varies based on the type and extent of the disease. Early detection and treatment generally lead to favorable outcomes, especially for choriocarcinoma, which is highly sensitive to chemotherapy.

Related pages

References

Seckl, M. J., Sebire, N. J., & Berkowitz, R. S. (2010). Gestational trophoblastic disease. The Lancet, 376(9742), 717-729.
Lurain, J. R. (2010). Gestational trophoblastic disease II: classification and management of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 203(1), 11-18.

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-'''Trophoblastic neoplasm''' is a type of [[tumor]] that originates from the [[trophoblast]], the outermost layer of cells in the [[embryo]]. These tumors are often associated with [[pregnancy]], but can also occur independently. They are characterized by the abnormal growth of trophoblastic cells, which can invade the [[uterus]] and spread to other parts of the body.
+{{Short description|A group of rare tumors involving trophoblastic tissue}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
+'''Trophoblastic neoplasms''' are a group of rare tumors that involve the [[trophoblast]], the layer of cells that surrounds the embryo and contributes to the formation of the [[placenta]]. These neoplasms are part of a broader category known as [[gestational trophoblastic disease]] (GTD), which includes both benign and malignant conditions.
 ==Types==
-There are several types of trophoblastic neoplasms, including:
+Trophoblastic neoplasms can be classified into several types, each with distinct characteristics and clinical implications:
-* '''[[Hydatidiform mole]]''': This is the most common type of trophoblastic neoplasm. It occurs when there is an abnormal fertilization of the egg, leading to the growth of a mass of cysts in the uterus.
+===Hydatidiform mole===
+A [[hydatidiform mole]] is a benign form of trophoblastic disease that can be either complete or partial. It is characterized by abnormal growth of trophoblastic tissue and can lead to persistent gestational trophoblastic disease if not treated.
-* '''[[Choriocarcinoma]]''': This is a rare and aggressive type of trophoblastic neoplasm that can spread quickly to other parts of the body.
+===Invasive mole===
+An [[invasive mole]] is a type of trophoblastic neoplasm that occurs when a hydatidiform mole invades the muscular layer of the uterus. It can cause significant bleeding and may require chemotherapy for treatment.
-* '''[[Placental site trophoblastic tumor]]''': This is a rare type of trophoblastic neoplasm that originates from the site where the placenta was attached to the uterus.
+===Choriocarcinoma===
+[[Choriocarcinoma]] is a highly malignant form of trophoblastic neoplasm that can occur after any type of pregnancy. It is characterized by rapid growth and early metastasis, often to the lungs and brain. Treatment typically involves chemotherapy.
-==Symptoms==
+[[File:Choriocarcinoma_-2-_high_mag.jpg|thumb|right|High magnification micrograph of choriocarcinoma.]]
-The symptoms of trophoblastic neoplasms can vary depending on the type of tumor and its location. Common symptoms include:
-* [[Vaginal bleeding]]
+===Placental site trophoblastic tumor===
-* [[Abdominal pain]]
+A [[placental site trophoblastic tumor]] (PSTT) is a rare form of trophoblastic neoplasm that arises from the placental implantation site. It is less responsive to chemotherapy compared to other types and may require surgical intervention.
-* [[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]]
-* [[Shortness of breath]]
+===Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor===
+An [[epithelioid trophoblastic tumor]] (ETT) is another rare variant that resembles carcinoma and can occur years after a normal pregnancy. It is often treated with surgery and chemotherapy.
 ==Diagnosis==
-Diagnosis of trophoblastic neoplasms typically involves a combination of [[physical examination]], [[imaging studies]], and [[laboratory tests]]. The doctor may also perform a [[biopsy]] to confirm the diagnosis.
+Diagnosis of trophoblastic neoplasms typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Measurement of [[human chorionic gonadotropin]] (hCG) levels is crucial, as elevated levels can indicate the presence of trophoblastic disease.
 ==Treatment==
-Treatment for trophoblastic neoplasms depends on the type of tumor, its location, and the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include:
+Treatment strategies for trophoblastic neoplasms depend on the type and stage of the disease. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for malignant forms such as choriocarcinoma, while surgical intervention may be necessary for localized tumors like PSTT and ETT.
-* [[Surgery]]
-* [[Chemotherapy]]
-* [[Radiation therapy]]
 ==Prognosis==
-The prognosis for patients with trophoblastic neoplasms is generally good, especially if the tumor is detected and treated early. However, some types of trophoblastic neoplasms can be aggressive and difficult to treat.
+The prognosis for patients with trophoblastic neoplasms varies based on the type and extent of the disease. Early detection and treatment generally lead to favorable outcomes, especially for choriocarcinoma, which is highly sensitive to chemotherapy.
-==See also==
+==Related pages==
 * [[Gestational trophoblastic disease]]
-* [[Molar pregnancy]]
+* [[Human chorionic gonadotropin]]
-* [[Cancer]]
+* [[Placenta]]
-[[Category:Oncology]]
+==References==
-[[Category:Gynecology]]
+* Seckl, M. J., Sebire, N. J., & Berkowitz, R. S. (2010). Gestational trophoblastic disease. The Lancet, 376(9742), 717-729.
-[[Category:Pathology]]
+* Lurain, J. R. (2010). Gestational trophoblastic disease II: classification and management of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 203(1), 11-18.
-{{stub}}
+[[Category:Trophoblastic neoplasms]]