Mastoiditis

Mastoiditis is an infection that affects the mastoid process, a prominent bone located behind the ear. This condition is typically caused by untreated acute otitis media (middle ear infection) and can result in serious health complications if not promptly treated.

Causes

Mastoiditis is usually caused by the spread of infection from the middle ear. The most common cause is a bacterial infection, with the most common bacteria being Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and various types of Streptococcus species.

Symptoms

The symptoms of mastoiditis can vary, but often include pain and swelling behind the ear, fever, headache, and hearing loss. In severe cases, it can cause complications such as brain abscess or meningitis.

Diagnosis

Mastoiditis is diagnosed based on the patient's symptoms and a physical examination. Imaging tests such as CT scan or MRI may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the infection.

Treatment

Treatment for mastoiditis typically involves antibiotics to fight the infection. In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove the infected part of the mastoid bone.

Prevention

Prevention of mastoiditis primarily involves prompt treatment of middle ear infections to prevent them from spreading to the mastoid bone.

See also

• Otitis media
• Meningitis
• Brain abscess

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