Livonia

Livonia is a historical region located in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea. It is currently divided among Latvia and Estonia. The region has a rich history, with various countries and empires laying claim to it over the centuries.

History

Livonia was first mentioned in historical records in 1180, when it was conquered by the German crusaders, the Livonian Brothers of the Sword. In 1237, the territory was incorporated into the Teutonic Order, forming the Livonian Order.

In the 16th century, Livonia was contested by Poland, Sweden, and Russia. The Livonian War (1558–1583) resulted in the partition of the region. The southern part became a part of Poland (later Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth), while the northern part was taken over by Sweden.

In the 18th century, during the Great Northern War, Livonia was conquered by Russia. It remained a part of the Russian Empire until the end of World War I, when it was divided between the newly independent states of Latvia and Estonia.

Geography

Livonia is located on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. It is bordered by the Gulf of Riga, the Baltic Sea, and the Lake Peipus. The region is characterized by its flat landscape, with numerous lakes and rivers.

Culture

The culture of Livonia is a blend of the various peoples who have inhabited the region over the centuries. The Livonians, a Finno-Ugric people, have left a significant impact on the region's culture, particularly in the areas of language and folklore.

See also

• History of Latvia
• History of Estonia
• Livonian Crusade
• Livonian War

References

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External links

• Britannica: Livonia

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