Myelomalacia

Myelomalacia is a pathological term referring to the softening of the spinal cord. This condition is often caused by severe trauma or chronic degenerative changes, leading to a loss of motor function and sensation below the level of the lesion.

Causes

The primary cause of myelomalacia is spinal cord injury. This can occur due to a variety of reasons, including trauma, infection, ischemia, or degenerative diseases. Other potential causes include hemorrhage within the spinal cord, infarction, or neoplasia.

Symptoms

The symptoms of myelomalacia can vary depending on the location and extent of the spinal cord damage. Common symptoms include:

• Weakness or paralysis below the level of the lesion
• Loss of sensation below the level of the lesion
• Difficulty with bladder and bowel control
• Pain or discomfort
• Muscle atrophy

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of myelomalacia typically involves a combination of clinical examination and imaging studies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most commonly used imaging modality for diagnosing myelomalacia.

Treatment

Treatment for myelomalacia is primarily supportive and aims to manage symptoms and prevent further damage to the spinal cord. This may involve physical therapy, pain management, and in some cases, surgery.

Prognosis

The prognosis for myelomalacia depends on the severity and location of the spinal cord damage. In some cases, individuals may regain some function with therapy and treatment. However, in severe cases, the damage may be permanent.

See also

• Spinal cord injury
• Neurology
• Neurosurgery

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