Visual impairment: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Visual impairment | |||
| image = [[File:Snellen_chart.svg|alt=Snellen chart]] | |||
| caption = A [[Snellen chart]] is often used to measure [[visual acuity]]. | |||
| field = [[Ophthalmology]] | |||
| synonyms = [[Vision impairment]], [[vision loss]] | |||
| symptoms = Decreased ability to see, [[blurry vision]], difficulty with [[night vision]], [[double vision]] | |||
| complications = [[Depression (mood)|Depression]], [[anxiety]], [[social isolation]] | |||
| onset = Can occur at any age | |||
| duration = Long-term | |||
| causes = [[Refractive error]], [[cataract]], [[glaucoma]], [[macular degeneration]], [[diabetic retinopathy]], [[corneal opacity]], [[childhood blindness]] | |||
| risks = [[Age]], [[genetics]], [[diabetes]], [[smoking]], [[exposure to UV light]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Eye examination]], [[visual field test]], [[retinal imaging]] | |||
| treatment = [[Corrective lenses]], [[surgery]], [[medication]], [[vision rehabilitation]] | |||
| frequency = Affects approximately 2.2 billion people worldwide | |||
}} | |||
[[Visual impairment]], also known as vision impairment or vision loss, is a decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problems not fixable by usual means, such as glasses or medication. It is a significant public health issue with considerable social and economic implications. | [[Visual impairment]], also known as vision impairment or vision loss, is a decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problems not fixable by usual means, such as glasses or medication. It is a significant public health issue with considerable social and economic implications. | ||
[[File:Blind1.JPG|thumb|Blind1]] | [[File:Blind1.JPG|left|thumb|Blind1]] | ||
== Classification and Causes == | == Classification and Causes == | ||
[[File:Blind woman.svg|thumb|Blind woman | [[File:Blind woman.svg|left|thumb|Blind woman]] | ||
Visual impairment can range from mild to severe and can be categorized into two main types: | Visual impairment can range from mild to severe and can be categorized into two main types: | ||
* '''[[Low vision]]''': In which visual acuity is significantly reduced but some useful vision remains. | * '''[[Low vision]]''': In which visual acuity is significantly reduced but some useful vision remains. | ||
* '''[[Blindness]]''': A severe vision loss leaving little to no vision. | * '''[[Blindness]]''': A severe vision loss leaving little to no vision. | ||
This impairment can result from a variety of causes, including congenital conditions, injury, and diseases such as [[glaucoma]], [[macular degeneration]], [[diabetic retinopathy]], and [[cataracts]]. | This impairment can result from a variety of causes, including congenital conditions, injury, and diseases such as [[glaucoma]], [[macular degeneration]], [[diabetic retinopathy]], and [[cataracts]]. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
[[File:Blinden, slechtzienden, stations, blindenstokken, looproutes, Bestanddeelnr 932-3838.jpg|thumb|Blind walking]] | [[File:Blinden, slechtzienden, stations, blindenstokken, looproutes, Bestanddeelnr 932-3838.jpg|left|thumb|Blind walking]] | ||
The diagnosis of visual impairment involves a detailed examination of the eyes and appropriate visual testing. This testing often includes measuring [[visual acuity]] and [[visual fields]]. It also involves assessing the patient's ability to carry out vision-dependent activities of daily living. | The diagnosis of visual impairment involves a detailed examination of the eyes and appropriate visual testing. This testing often includes measuring [[visual acuity]] and [[visual fields]]. It also involves assessing the patient's ability to carry out vision-dependent activities of daily living. | ||
== Management and Treatment == | == Management and Treatment == | ||
While some forms of visual impairment can be treated or mitigated through surgery, medications, or corrective lenses, others may not be as easily addressed. In these cases, the focus shifts towards maximizing the individual's remaining vision and improving their independence and quality of life. | While some forms of visual impairment can be treated or mitigated through surgery, medications, or corrective lenses, others may not be as easily addressed. In these cases, the focus shifts towards maximizing the individual's remaining vision and improving their independence and quality of life. | ||
===Vision Rehabilitation=== | ===Vision Rehabilitation=== | ||
[[Vision rehabilitation]] services can assist individuals with visual impairment to enhance their functional abilities. These services include the provision of [[assistive technology]], orientation and mobility training, psychological counseling, and occupational therapy. | [[Vision rehabilitation]] services can assist individuals with visual impairment to enhance their functional abilities. These services include the provision of [[assistive technology]], orientation and mobility training, psychological counseling, and occupational therapy. | ||
===Assistive Devices=== | ===Assistive Devices=== | ||
There are various assistive devices available for people with visual impairments, including [[magnifiers]], reading machines, specialized computer software, and mobile apps. In the case of profound visual impairment or blindness, individuals may learn to use [[white canes]] or guide dogs to navigate their environment. | There are various assistive devices available for people with visual impairments, including [[magnifiers]], reading machines, specialized computer software, and mobile apps. In the case of profound visual impairment or blindness, individuals may learn to use [[white canes]] or guide dogs to navigate their environment. | ||
== Implications and Quality of Life == | == Implications and Quality of Life == | ||
Visual impairment can significantly impact a person's quality of life, affecting their education, employment, and social interactions. However, with appropriate support and resources, individuals with visual impairment can lead fulfilling lives. | Visual impairment can significantly impact a person's quality of life, affecting their education, employment, and social interactions. However, with appropriate support and resources, individuals with visual impairment can lead fulfilling lives. | ||
== Global Prevalence == | == Global Prevalence == | ||
Visual impairment is a global concern. According to the [[World Health Organization]], hundreds of millions of people worldwide are visually impaired. However, approximately 80% of all visual impairment globally is considered avoidable. | Visual impairment is a global concern. According to the [[World Health Organization]], hundreds of millions of people worldwide are visually impaired. However, approximately 80% of all visual impairment globally is considered avoidable. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
* [1] Bourne RRA, Flaxman SR, Braithwaite T, et al. (2017). Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 5(9), e888–e897. | * [1] Bourne RRA, Flaxman SR, Braithwaite T, et al. (2017). Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 5(9), e888–e897. | ||
* [2] Pascolini D, Mariotti SP. (2012). Global estimates of visual impairment. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 96(5), 614–618. | * [2] Pascolini D, Mariotti SP. (2012). Global estimates of visual impairment. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 96(5), 614–618. | ||
Revision as of 21:20, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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| Visual impairment | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Vision impairment, vision loss |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Decreased ability to see, blurry vision, difficulty with night vision, double vision |
| Complications | Depression, anxiety, social isolation |
| Onset | Can occur at any age |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Refractive error, cataract, glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal opacity, childhood blindness |
| Risks | Age, genetics, diabetes, smoking, exposure to UV light |
| Diagnosis | Eye examination, visual field test, retinal imaging |
| Differential diagnosis | N/A |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Corrective lenses, surgery, medication, vision rehabilitation |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Affects approximately 2.2 billion people worldwide |
| Deaths | N/A |
Visual impairment, also known as vision impairment or vision loss, is a decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problems not fixable by usual means, such as glasses or medication. It is a significant public health issue with considerable social and economic implications.
Classification and Causes
Visual impairment can range from mild to severe and can be categorized into two main types:
- Low vision: In which visual acuity is significantly reduced but some useful vision remains.
- Blindness: A severe vision loss leaving little to no vision.
This impairment can result from a variety of causes, including congenital conditions, injury, and diseases such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and cataracts.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of visual impairment involves a detailed examination of the eyes and appropriate visual testing. This testing often includes measuring visual acuity and visual fields. It also involves assessing the patient's ability to carry out vision-dependent activities of daily living.
Management and Treatment
While some forms of visual impairment can be treated or mitigated through surgery, medications, or corrective lenses, others may not be as easily addressed. In these cases, the focus shifts towards maximizing the individual's remaining vision and improving their independence and quality of life.
Vision Rehabilitation
Vision rehabilitation services can assist individuals with visual impairment to enhance their functional abilities. These services include the provision of assistive technology, orientation and mobility training, psychological counseling, and occupational therapy.
Assistive Devices
There are various assistive devices available for people with visual impairments, including magnifiers, reading machines, specialized computer software, and mobile apps. In the case of profound visual impairment or blindness, individuals may learn to use white canes or guide dogs to navigate their environment.
Implications and Quality of Life
Visual impairment can significantly impact a person's quality of life, affecting their education, employment, and social interactions. However, with appropriate support and resources, individuals with visual impairment can lead fulfilling lives.
Global Prevalence
Visual impairment is a global concern. According to the World Health Organization, hundreds of millions of people worldwide are visually impaired. However, approximately 80% of all visual impairment globally is considered avoidable.
References
- [1] Bourne RRA, Flaxman SR, Braithwaite T, et al. (2017). Magnitude, temporal trends, and projections of the global prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 5(9), e888–e897.
- [2] Pascolini D, Mariotti SP. (2012). Global estimates of visual impairment. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 96(5), 614–618.
